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relationship.
At the multi-core processor level, multi-core computing seems like, probably, at least need to understand the above.
At the above layer, for example, the memory model of multi-thread execution in C ++ 11, a large
I. Development of multi-core and multi-thread technology
1) The gap between memory and processor speed leads to CPU waste of time waiting for memory access to obtain data. The two basic methods can be improved physically: Increase the cache and increase the clock frequency.
However, the cache cost is high, and there a
special hardware commands to simulate two logical kernels inside the multi-thread processor into two physical chips, so that a single processor can "enjoy" the thread-Level Parallel Computing processor technology. Multithreading technology can effectively enhance the processing capability of the
8.6 Memory Optimization
Efficient Cache operations are a key aspect of memory optimization. Note the following points for Efficient Cache operations:
● Cache parts
● Shared storage Optimization
● Eliminate 64 K bytes of overlapping data access
● Prevent excessive L1 cache eviction
8.6.1 cache Partitioning technology
Cyclic partitioning is useful for reducing cache failures and improving memory access performance. When the cyclic block technology is applied, it is critical to select a proper bloc
teaching and telemedicine) this poses unprecedented challenges to the CPU computing capability. Now everyone is used to network videos that are vague and time-breaking. I believe that in five years, we will surely lament our endurance. Second, the development trend of Internet applications. The penetration of RIA, especially P2P to traditional applications makes computing return to the client. In the future, our machine may not be a real personal computer, but a community computer or social com
8.3 optimization criteria
This section summarizes the optimization principles for adjusting multi-threaded applications. Five fields are listed below (in order of importance ):
● Thread Synchronization
● Bus utilization
● Memory Optimization
● Frontend Optimization
● Resource Optimization
This section lists the practices associated with each domain. The following sections will further discuss the principles in each field.
Most programming suggestions
We have in the previous article that the use of multi-core processors in the Win7 system will make the computer run faster, making the operation of the computer more convenient, but many users seem to see only the multi-core processor good, but do not know that there is actu
of cores = number of physical CPUs X number of cores per physical CPU# Total Logical CPUs = number of physical CPUs x number of cores per physical CPU X number of hyper-threads# View the number of physical CPUscat/proc/cpuinfo| grep "Physical ID" | Sort| uniq| Wc-l# See the number of cores in each physical CPU (that is, the number of nuclei)cat/proc/cpuinfo| grep "CPU Cores" | Uniq# View the number of logical CPUscat/proc/cpuinfo| grep "Processor" |
Python is an interpreted language, while the python interpreter uses Gil (Global interpreter lock) to prohibit parallel execution internally, this Gil limits that you can only execute one bytecode command at a time on a multi-core processor. python 3.0 has been improved. By default, a multi-
reduces the number of commands. Cyclic blocks can also enhance data location. Other location enhancement techniques can also be used in a multi-threaded environment to save the bus bandwidth (see section 7.6 ).
Because the system bus is shared among many bus proxies (logical processor or processor core), software adju
problem is always solved, since PHP-FPM does not have a CPU affinity (affinity) binding directive like Nginx, then we can use Taskset binding php-fpm process to fixed cpux to solve the problem:#!/bin/bashcpus=$ (grep-c processor/proc/cpuinfo)pids=$ (ps aux | grep "php-fpm[:] Pool" | awk ' {print $} ')Let I=0For PID in $PIDs; DoCpu=$ (echo "$i% $CPUs" | BC)Let i++TASKSET-PC $CPU $PIDDoneOnce the script is running, let's take a look at how each CPU loa
A common problem in multi-core development is false sharing (failure sharing). This problem allows us to look at the compilation of multi-core programs from a completely new perspective, which is the hardware perspective.
On Intel Core 2 Duo
The network multi-core processor hardware is designed to be related to parallel processing, including parallel computing between common kernels, parallel computing within cores, and parallel computing between cores and coprocessor. How to organize parallel computing between cores and coprocessor is the focus of the research on parallel models of network processor
Multi-core processors, which integrate two or more completed computing cores in one processor, can multiply the performance of a chip, but also introduce problems, so many users prefer to disable the multi-core processor when usin
Linux needs to display the multi-core mode-Linux Enterprise Application-Linux server application information. The following is a detailed description. During installation, the client does not choose to install kernel-smp. The system is installed as a single-processor core by default. You can upgrade the system by addin
In the multi-core era, x86 rdtsc commands should not be used to test the command cycle and time
Chen ShuoBlog.csdn.net/solstice
Since Intel Pentium added the rdtsc command, this command is a powerful tool for micro-Benchmarking. It can get high-precision time stamp counter at a very small cost ), many articles about optimization [1] and books use it to compare the speed of two sections of code. Some code
At present, multi-core CPU is the mainstream. The multi-core technology can effectively leverage hardware capabilities and improve throughput. For Java programs, concurrent garbage collection can be implemented. However, Java uses multi-
A spin lock is a non-blocking lock. That is to say, if a thread needs to obtain the spin lock but the lock has been occupied by other threads, the thread will not be suspended, instead, it is constantly consuming CPU time and constantly trying to obtain the spin lock.
The mutex is a blocking lock. When a thread cannot obtain the mutex, the thread will be suspended directly, and the thread no longer consumes CPU time. When other threads release the mutex, the operating system will activate the s
Digital Signal Processor (DSP) will increasingly change to multi-core solutions to solve various new problems.
Ti, the DSP market leader, already has a 6-core processor solution. Recently, the company launched two multi-
the user program, from the kernel point of view, there will be other similar scenarios, such as interrupts. There may also be a problem with shared data conflicts between interrupt handlers and programs executed before the interrupt.Simply put, concurrency refers to multiple threads on the same hardware resourceAlternating executionThe process of all active threads in thewithin a certain period of timeWhile executing the state, but in theat a given momentOnly one thread is executing.Parallel:
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