[099] Requirements for Abstract Writing

For articles in scientific and technological journals, summaries are mainly composed of three parts: Questions, processes, methods, and results of research.

Only when the abstract is correctly written and well written can it help readers understand the original text. Therefore, the document must be carefully analyzed to find out the topic concepts of the document, correctly organize the content of these topics, and write summaries in a concise, accurate, and complete manner.

It is best to have specific content. The following are three unsuccessful summaries:

1. The process of reduction of iron oxide rich slag with carbon-containing iron drops was studied through experimental methods. The behavior changes of carbon-containing iron drops in the slag were analyzed based on experimental phenomena, and effective measures to strengthen the reduction reaction of iron slag were proposed.

If possible, write down the specific "Slag process", "change rule", and "effective measures to strengthen the recovery reaction of slag iron.

2. Through a large number of production tests, the use of Feeding Wire Method ball processing process to produce the casting QT900-3 super heavy cast iron. Production practices show that the process is advanced and the effect is good. Theoretical analysis is conducted.

This abstract can be changed:

The casting QT900-3 was manufactured by means of the ball processing process of feeding wire method. The feeding wire equipment is a ZW-1A feeding machine, the core wire adopts the special line of CWZ-1 pearlescent cast iron. When feeding wire, the molten iron is controlled between 1530-1480 ℃, and the feeding process is analyzed theoretically.

3. The problems solved during the technical transformation of the coal injection system of Tiantie blast furnace were analyzed and discussed, and the development direction of the coal injection technology was put forward.

This abstract can be changed:

The shortcomings of the existing Blast Furnace Coal Injection System of Tiantie mine are mainly manifested in the following aspects: Uneven cutting of the cone at the bottom of the blow tank, resulting in uneven blowing of the tuyere of the blast furnace; unreasonable layout of the Blow port at the bottom of the blow tank; the "negative pressure" mixer restricts the further improvement of the Injection capability. It can only rely on tank pressure to adjust the amount of coal injection. The coal volume fluctuates greatly and cannot be accurately adjusted. The gas-solid ratio is low. It cannot further increase the amount of coal injection. Tiantie modified the coal injection system of the three blast furnaces from 1996 to 1998. The key technical problems include improving the air quality of the compressed air in the injection system and performing partial modification on the injection tank, adopts soft connection and local metering technology, improves the distribution precision of pulverized coal, and detects the injection condition of the coal injection branch.

The Digest length generally cannot exceed 150 words. Exceptions are allowed in a few cases, depending on the original document. The abstract should be as concise as possible without missing the topic concept.

(1). Methods for shortening the Digest:

1. Cancel unnecessary words, such as "It is reported ..." "Extensive ststigations show that ..."

"The author discusses ..." "This paper concerned ..." ; "In this paper," at the beginning of the Digest ,"

Some unnecessary modifiers, such as "in detail", "briefly", "here", "new", and "mainly", should also be avoided.

2. The physical unit and some common words can be properly simplified;

3. cancels or reduces Background Information. Based on our experience, if the Background Information of an abstract is too long or occupies a large proportion of the abstract, the description of the work done by the author is too general and simple. The following are some unsuccessful summaries:

The phase-modulated optical fiber sensor developed based on the traditional optical interference principle has high sensitivity, but can only be used for relative measurement,Therefore, this paper introduces an all-optical white Interference Optical Fiber Sensor capable of Absolute Measurement and Its detection technology. This technology is based on the absolute measurement principle of white light interference.

This abstract introduces the background information (in italics) in half the length, but only introduces his work in general.

Similar summaries include:

The dynamic environment is an important factor that cannot be ignored in the development of the space optical remote sensor's extremely components, because it will cause structural damage to the whole machine or components, therefore, full dynamic environment tests must be conducted at different stages of development. The spatial optical system is a subsystem that executes important tasks. It has special requirements in terms of structure, performance, Operation precision, sealing and reliability. Components and even systems must undergo rigorous tests of dynamic environment tests, and must be further tested through other related tests.In view of the characteristics and requirements of spatial photon components and systems, a comprehensive study of various factors and an outline of the dynamic environment test for various components are presented, at the same time, the technical implementation of control, monitoring and test fixture safety in the test is analyzed and discussed.

Nano-materials have singular structures and special functions, which greatly change the electrical, mechanical, magnetic, and optical properties of the materials.This paper reviews the preparation and nano-sintering methods of nano-materials, introduces the latest research trend of nano-materials science, problems encountered during the study of nano-materials, the development of nano-materials is also predicted.

Pipe forming is an important direction for the development of advanced plastic forming technology because it is easy to realize lightweight, toughness, high efficiency, precision, and low consumption of parts. The birth, application and development of advanced plastic processing technology are inseparable from the research and grasp of important basic problems.This paper focuses on the basic problems in the field of tube axis compression precision forming and tube precision bending.

4. The Restricted digest only indicates the new situation, the new content, and the previous research details can be canceled;

5. Do not say useless words, for example, "the research work discussed in this article is a great improvement to the old technology in the past ",

For the first time, words such as "this work has implemented..." and "no documents similar to this article have been searched" cannot be entered into the abstract;

6. The future plans mentioned in the literature are not included in the summaries;

7. Simplify wording and repetition units as much as possible, such:

No need to use

At a temperature of at 250 ℃-300 ℃

250 deg C to 300 deg C

_____________________________________________________

At a high pressure at 2000 psig

Of 2000 psig

_____________________________________________________

At a high temperature at 1500 ℃

Of 1500 ℃

_____________________________________________________

Discussed and studied discussed

In detail

____________________________________________________

8. Repeat the first sentence of the Abstract With the Title.

 

(2). Style

1. The summary should be complete, clear, and concise;

2. Try to use short sentences and avoid monotonous sentences;

3. Use the past tense to describe the work of the author, and use the current tense to describe the author's conclusions;

For example, "The structure of dislocation cores in GaP was investigated by weak-beam electron microscopy. the dislocations are dissociated into two Shokley partials with separations of 80 ± 10 and 40 ± 10 A in the pure edge and screw cases respectively. the results show that..."

4. If you can use nouns as attributions, do not use dynamic nouns as attributions. If you can use adjectives as attributions, do not use nouns as attributions.

For example, use measurement accuracy instead of measuring accuracy.

Use experimental results instead of experiment results

If you can use a noun or a noun phrase as an attribute, you need to use less of the sentence pattern.

For example, use measurement accuracy instead of accuracy of measurement.

Use camera curtain shutter instead of curtain shutter of camera

Use equipment structure instead of structure of equipment

5. Do not use the noun form of the verb whenever possible;

For example, use Thickness of plastic sheets was measured.

Do not use Measurement of thickness of plastic sheet was made.

6. Pay attention to the usage of articles. Do not misuse, abuse, or omit articles.

7. Do not use a long string of adjectives or nouns to modify nouns. You can divide these words into several prefix phrases and connect them to the noun group as unit adjectives (an adjective ).

For example, apply The chlorine-containing propyene-based polymer of high meld index.

Replace The chlorine containing high melt index propyene based polymer.

8. Try to replace the passive voice with the active voice;

9. Try to use words that are short, clear, and well-known;

10. Exercise caution when using the line and slang;

11. The language should be concise, but the telegraph language should not be used;

For example, Adsorption nitrobenzene on copper chromite investigation.

It should be Adsorption of nitrobenzene on copper chromite was investigated.

12. Simplified and non-distinctive literary descriptive techniques;

13. Organize sentences so that the verb is close to the subject as much as possible. For example:

No: The decolorization in solutions of the pigment in dioxane, which were exposed to 10 hr of UV irradiation, was no longer irreversible.

Use: When the pigment was dissolved in dioxane, decolorization was

Irreversible after 10hr of UV irradiation.

14. Simplify the deletion process;

For example, replace has been found to increase with increased

Replace the results show with the experimental results, it can be concluded that

15. When the digest involves the work or research results of others, list their names and document sources as much as possible;

16. The words in the Digest can be spelled in English and American spelling, but they must be consistent in each article.

17. No sentences such as "Graph ××", "equation ××", or "Reference Document ××" appear in the Digest.

 

Other considerations:

1. Do not use home made to express the concept of "domestic". home made actually represents the concept of "home Manufacturing.

2. If this does not cause misunderstanding, use the plural nouns as much as possible.

3. Pay attention to different expressions in Chinese and English. Do not simply translate it literally. For example, do not place because in the beginning of a sentence to express the concept of "because". because indicates that the reason tone is too strong in the abstract. Do not use "XX are analyzed and studied (discussed )". This article describes the concept of "Analytical Research (discussion. You can use "XX are analyzed. Try not to use not only... But also literal translation Chinese "not only "... "And", just use and.

 

(3) special characters in the Digest

Special characters mainly refer to various mathematical symbols, upper and lower scripts, and Greek letters. They cannot be directly entered into the computer, so they need to be converted into letters and symbols on the keyboard. Ei has special provisions on this. It is expected that the abstract should contain as few special characters as possible and mathematical expressions composed of special characters. Because their input is extremely troublesome and error-prone, which affects the accuracy and readability of the digest itself, we should try not to use it. Instead, we should use text expressions or text descriptions. more complex expressions are almost difficult to input. The setting should be canceled.

 

(4). Abbreviations and Acronyms)

You can directly use acronyms that are already familiar to the masses, such as radar, laser, and CAD. For abbreviations that are only familiar with the same industry, the full name should appear at least once in the question, digest or key word.