Analysis on the development of 3G technology system

1. Introduction

As we all know, 3G network technology has three major technical systems, namely WCDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-CDMA technology. The first two technical systems because of the early, but also in Europe and the United States a number of well-known telecommunications equipment manufacturers, research institutions and operators support, so no matter from the standard or technical maturity, are relatively far ahead. TD-SCDMA is the 3G standard of independent intellectual property right proposed by our country, although it is put forward later, but it has a lot of innovation in technology realization, and has great advantage of late-development.

From a commercial point of view, TD is still in the trial and commissioning phase, and WCDMA and CDMA2000 system has been launched on a global scale commercial. Therefore, this article mainly to WCDMA and CDMA2000 two kinds of technical system, from the overall development, standard progress, market, industrialization and business provision, and so on its latest development trends to make a comprehensive introduction and comparison.

2. Global Mobile Communication market development status

In recent years, the global mobile communications market has maintained a rapid development momentum. From the number of users, as of the end of December 2004, the total number of mobile users worldwide more than 1.7 billion. There are 1.27 billion users with GSM network, the total number of users of the 74.4%,CDMA user 238 million, accounting for the total number of mobile users worldwide 13.9%. (Computer science)

From C-NET and G-NET in the global development process and trends, the G-Net line has always occupied the main position. With the establishment of these two technical systems in the global mobile communications market, other technology-standard mobile communication systems, such as the PDC in Japan, the U.S. TDMA and other network users are also gradually transferred to these two routes. It is predicted that by 2009, more than 95% of users will use these two types of mobile communications network, and the use of GSM network users will also occupy the main position.

3. New development of two kinds of 3G technical standards

3.1 WCDMA Technical Route

(1) The evolution route of WCDMA wireless interface is quite clear, from R99 wireless interface technology to HSDPA, and then to HSUPA. Currently 3GPP is working on the long-term evolution of Utran and Utra. 3GPP The purpose of HSDPA is to enhance the throughput of Downlink packet service, mainly for the Non-real-time packet service, but for streaming media business. HSDPA is a supplement to the R99 wireless interface, with the R99 channel on the same carrier, only to add a dedicated channel for HSDPA. HSDPA adopts adaptive coding modulation, HARQ technology and fast data scheduling technology in space interface.

At present, the WCDMA equipment providers are planning to launch the HSDPA commercialization equipment in the early 2006 of 2005, and DoCoMo also plans to launch the HSDPA commercial network in the second half of 2005. But the HSDPA rate introduced at this stage is basically around 3.6mb/s. Compared with the development progress of HSDPA system, the development progress of HSDPA terminal is slightly slow. NEC, in conjunction with DoCoMo's HSDPA business program, will launch a 3.6mb/s HSDPA terminal.

(2) The goal of HSUPA is to focus on the increase of uplink rate, theoretically the peak transmission rate can reach 5.76mb/s. Its standardization work is still in the process of development and is expected to be completed by June 2005.

Technical route of 3.2 CDMA2000

The CDMA2000 wireless interface has two evolutionary routes on the standard Evolution route: CDMA2000 1X ev-do and CDMA2000 1X EV-DV. (1) CDMA2000 1X ev-do

CDMA 1X ev-do Technology is designed to provide a higher downlink data rate, to better meet the user "download" requirements, so CDMA2000 1X ev-do not only provide data services, and in the 0 version of the uplink and downlink of the link asymmetry, down the data rate of up to 2.4mb/s, But the reverse rate and CDMA2000 1X are basically equivalent. 3GPP2 proposed ev-do A (enhanced) for a series of issues such as reverse business capability imbalance and support for QoS that do not meet business diversity requirements before the 1X ev-do o version. In version A, the reverse data rate has been significantly increased, and improvements have been made at the physical, Mac, and higher-level levels to better support QoS. In order to solve the problem of voice and data service concurrency, the network side structure of a version system is changed and a new interface is added. At present, the ev-do 0 version of the international has been large-scale commercial, manufacturers are also planning to develop a version of equipment, is scheduled to be developed at the end of 2005 to the beginning of 2006 to develop terminal equipment, in the middle of 2006 to launch the System products.

(2) CDMA2000 1X EV-DV

The CDMA2000 1X EV-DV is proposed to provide voice services while supporting the data business. The CDMA2000 1X EV-DV standard contains two versions: C and D versions. The C version mainly enhances the forward data rate and does not improve the 1X reverse rate. The D version, based on the C version, greatly improves the reverse data rate and further improves the forward data rate. However, both the C version and the D version have no significant improvement in voice capacity.

Compared with the two development trends, the current international situation is more conducive to the development of CDMA2000 1X ev-do Rel A. Due to the late completion of the CDMA2000 1X EV-DV standard system, most CDMA2000 operators have deployed and opened a commercial CDMA2000 1X ev-do (Rel 0) network, which will be more likely to take the CDMA2000 1X in the next step of the network evolution Ev-do Rel a technology for smooth transition and backward compatibility. From the perspective of chip development, CDMA2000 1X ev-do Rel A chip development progress is more clear. A few days ago, Qualcomm also announced the withdrawal of EV-DV chip research and development work.

4, two kinds of 3G technology route market development

(1) The core band of WCDMA license majority

From the choice of 2GHz Core band 3G technology license number, WCDMA accounted for the majority. At the end of January 2005, the Global Mobile communications company held 135 valid 3G licenses. The choice of WCDMA has 126 operators, using the CDMA2000 1X standard operators only 3.

(2) The CDMA2000 1X Camp has more business networks

From the commercial network of 3G, as of January 2005, the global total of 180 3G network Business (ev-do and 1X respectively), of which WCDMA commercial network has 64, CDMA2000 1X Commercial network 99, 1X ev-do Commercial network 17. From the 3G commercial network situation, CDMA2000 1X commercial situation is better than WCDMA.

(3) Rapid increase of WCDMA commercial network

Since October 2001, the Japanese NTT DoCoMo first launched WCDMA commercial business, the development of WCDMA has been stalled. The main force of WCDMA camp-European operators have been delaying the commercialization process due to the downturn of telecom market and the maturity of WCDMA technology. But since 2003, with the terminal and network coverage and other issues, as well as Hutchison Whampoa upstream, in Europe to launch a wide range of WCDMA commercial business, the global WCDMA commercialization process began to accelerate. Since 2004, WCDMA network has increased rapidly, while the number of CDMA2000 1X commercial network has been greatly reduced, but 1X ev-do network construction is accelerating gradually.

(4) CDMA2000 Camp has more users

From the number of users, as of the end of December 2004, the global use of CDMA2000 1X and WCDMA and other 3g technology users have reached more than 159.1 million people, including CDMA2000 1X users 130 million people, ev-do users 12.6 million people, WCDMA user 16.5 million people.

However, from the increase in the number of users, the number of WCDMA users increased significantly faster than CDMA2000 1X and 1X ev-do.

5, 3G the industrialization of different technical routes

5.1 Spectrum Planning and product

WCDMA scale commercial equipment is mainly concentrated in the 2GHz 3G core band. CDMA 1X ev-do Scale commercial equipment is mainly concentrated in the 800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands, basically from the original CDMA 1X system used by the frequency of the upgrade, to provide 2GHz products need to be thyristor.

5.2 Industry Scale

WCDMA terminal chip manufacturers more than 5, WCDMA terminals currently reached 108 kinds (of which NTT DoCoMo WCDMA Terminal 36). Almost all of the world's well-known equipment manufacturers are the production of WCDMA system equipment, especially in Europe, Ericsson, Nokia, Siemens and other companies.

There are 706 kinds of CDMA2000 terminals, 605 of which are CDMA2000 1X terminals, and 106 are CDMA2000 1X ev-do terminals. Most ev-do terminals are concentrated in Korea (around 85), and terminal chips are provided by Qualcomm company. CDMA2000 system equipment is mainly produced by North American, Korean, Japanese and Chinese manufacturers, mainly lack of European manufacturers.

6.3G Business Development

6.1 Current 3G Business development features

(1) Voice business still occupies the main position of income, the ARPU decline trend is obvious

In recent years, the variety of mobile communication business is more and more diverse. Although in the overall volume, the voice business still occupies the main position of mobile business, but the proportion of the data business will maintain an upward trend. According to Nokia, mobile data will rise from 14% in 2003 to 29% in 2008, as a percentage of total mobile business revenue. (2) The rapid growth of revenue and business volume of mobile data business and the contribution to total income

With the increase of people's acceptance to the mobile data service, the usage of mobile data service and business income are greatly improved, and the contribution to the total income of mobile operators is increasing gradually. From the point of view of operators, the new business development and market expansion of mobile data has been paid more and more attention in recent years, and the proportion of total business income is increasing gradually.

The data business is more developed in the Asia-Pacific region, which refers mainly to Japan and South Korea. According to data, two of Japan's leading mobile companies, NTT DoCoMo and KDDI, have accounted for more than 20% per cent of their overall business revenue and have maintained a growth trend. Europe's data business accounts for a higher share of total revenue, and it is growing faster. America's data business is the worst, but the US is the fastest-growing market for mobile data services in the United States, with revenue growth of 152.2% per cent for Cingular mobile data Services and several other companies from 130% to 150%.

(3) 3G Business embodies the difference of alienation

From today's 3G operators to provide the business situation look. The original 2.5G network of data services mostly extended to 3G network, 3G network unique business mainly for the embodiment of differentiation. Most of the data services are already on the 2.5G network, judging from the types of mobile services that the existing 3G operators are offering. Due to the network and terminal technology and other aspects of the reasons, some can reflect the 3G high-speed rate of the characteristics of the business development is not ideal, mainly by operators to reflect the differentiated characteristics of its 3G business.

6.2 Two routes provide a business comparison

In terms of the business situation provided by WCDMA and CDMA2000 operators, the types of business are roughly equivalent. It does not say that a business can only be used on a network of technical specifications. However, from the point of view of the business usage, as the 3G carrier main push video class business, overall on the 1X ev-do network development better. This is mainly due to the current CDMA network in the transmission rate still occupy a certain advantage. From the comparison of mobile data service usage between Figure 5 and figure 6SKT and NTT, we can see that the use of mobile video services such as TV is more docomo on CDMA2000 network.

7. Concluding remarks

To sum up, the development of 3G has entered the initial stage. From the current global mobile communications market overall development situation and 3G market situation, CDMA2000 camp is still in the leading position in the 3G field. Although the development of WCDMA in the early stage is not ideal, but with a variety of technical difficulties have been overcome, the subsequent advantage began to appear. In addition, GSM users in the global scope of the absolute majority, its huge user base will also play a more and more important role. In terms of standard integrity and industry chain support, WCDMA also seems to have more advantages. Therefore, we believe that WCDMA in a few years will occupy the dominant position of 3G market, and will keep this advantage status.