Definitions of WindowsXP VOL, VLK, FPP, and RTM

I often see someone looking for Chinese characters, English xp is free of activation, and I find a lot of versions and I don't know how to use them. Here I will release the true meaning of Microsoft's terrorist numbers. Finally, I will give them to you. Please smile, please help me!
1. retail [full packaged product (fpp)]: retail version
It is the kind of beautiful packaging that can be seen in major software stores. You can upgrade or install it. However, activation is required. If the machine configuration is changed, it is painful to notify Microsoft.
2. oem (original equipment manufacturer): Random Edition
It can only be shipped by random devices and cannot be sold. Therefore, it is called a random version. It can only be completely installed and cannot be upgraded from the old operating system. If you buy a laptop or brand computer, you will have a random version of the software. The packaging is not as elegant as the retail version. Generally, there is only one cd and one instruction (authorization letter ). This type of system usually has fewer drivers, and the current oem version is rarely installed on the CD, either restoring the disk or the hard disk image.
3. upgrade: upgraded version
Everyone on Earth knows it. The packaging is the same as the retail version, but the price is much lower. You can only upgrade and install the software. If you want to install the software completely, the installer will check the old operating system disc and install the software after the check. This version is not required.
4. beta: test version
In this phase, new features will be added.
5. rc (release. candidate): release candidate version
The biggest difference from the beta version is that new features will always be added in the beta stage, but in the rc version, new features will almost never be added, but debugging is focused! Rc1 indicates that the first version of the release is selected. I really want 253 Microsoft to come up with rc, but it's not the latest beta version.
6. rtm (release. to. manufacturing)
It takes some time to compress, package, and distribute the program code before it is officially launched in a retail store. The program code is called final. code, this time windows. windows xp is used by foreign media. goes. gold. After the program code is developed, the master chip needs to be sent to the factory for a large number of flags. This version is called the rtm version. Therefore, the code of the rtm version must be the same as that of the official version. But it is different from the official version. For example, if the oem in the official version cannot be upgraded and the upgraded version needs to be completely installed, the old operating system disk will be checked. These are the differences between the rtm and the official version, but their main program code is the same. Strictly speaking, this version still belongs to the fpp retail version and needs to be activated.
7. Finally, we played the role vol.
(Volume licensing for organizations): group batch licenses (a large number of procurement authorization contracts ). May someone think this is not vlo? In fact, vol is the first three letters of volume, not the abbreviation of the three words. For example, in the English wxp pro vol version, the disc is marked as wxpvol_en, where wx indicates windows xp, p indicates professional (vol does not have the home version), and vol indicates a group batch license version, en indicates English. The main way to obtain this information is through group purchases, which can be obtained by some msdn users. These editions are divided into the following five editions based on the quantity purchased: "Open license", "multiple-choice license", "Enterprise Agreement", and "academic education license:
Open license
Select license
Enterprise agreement
Enterprise subion agreement
Academic volume licensing
About vlk:
Volume licensing (product) keys, that is, vlk, only refers to a key (key). It is only a key used to prove the legalization of the product and installation, because according to the vol plan, the vol product does not need to be activated! In other words, vlk is not a version, but a key required for deployment. The version that requires a key such as vlk should be called vol! However, in practice, there is no need to emphasize the accuracy of such names and titles. In addition, many vol versions of CDs are obtained through the enterprise's choice-based license and enterprise agreement, so many people will ask him to select a version.
There is a table on the official website with a saying: "different products require different volume licensing keys (vlks ). refer to the table below to make sure you have the correct vlk for your microsoft product. ", I think this is a good example. vlk refers to the key rather than the product.
Obviously, fpp needs to be activated, and vol does not need to be activated. Everyone should use vol!
Finally, let's talk about the differences between the common professional and home in winxp.
Winxp has three series: professional, home edition, and 64-bit edition. The last one is not generally capable of computer installation. It is not used for workstation computers.
The most basic concept is that professional has better functions than home edition!
Home edition cannot be classified as a domain, does not have the ability to connect to the netware server, or uses remote desktop and file encryption functions. Professional can support Dual cpu and up to 9 monitors at the same time, while home edition can only support single cpu and single monitor, all functions of home edition are available in professional, moreover, professional is superior in terms of group policy, security management, multi-language support, network management and configuration. In addition, the upgrade and installation of home edition can only be performed on windows 98/98 se/me, but cannot be completed in windows 95/nt4/2000. There is no such restriction for the transfer Sion.