Details about the structure and features of AdHoc Wireless Network Routing

Source: Internet
Author: User

The Application of AdHoc wireless network routing is a very popular research direction. This article will detail the structure and characteristics of AdHoc. Each node in the network has two functions: vro and host. I would like to share it with you here and hope it will be useful to you.

1. Introduction

AdHoc wireless networks, also known as mobile self-networking and multi-hop networks, originated in the US military research field in 1970s, are a special situation without the help of center management, to achieve temporary interconnection between multiple mobile terminals within a limited range, it provides a flexible interconnection mode for mobile communication networks in the LAN. The AdHoc wireless network is flexible and fast, and is not affected by the wired network. It can be widely used in military communications, rescue after an earthquake or flood, and other scenarios where network facilities cannot or are not laid in advance, with broad development prospects, research work in this area is ongoing.

2. structure and features of AdHoc Wireless Networks

AdHoc wireless networks have their own particularity. When constructing a wireless work network in actual use, you must fully consider the application scale and scalability of the network, as well as the reliability and timeliness requirements of applications, select an appropriate network topology. In addition, due to the special structure of the AdHoc Network, the characteristics of the AdHoc wireless network should be fully taken into account when designing or establishing the network, which helps us design a routing protocol suitable for the specific network structure, maximize the performance of the entire network.

2.1AdHoc Wireless Network Routing Structure

The topology of AdHoc wireless networks can be divided into two types: Peer-to-Peer plane structure and hierarchical structure. In a peering plane structure, all network nodes are equal.

In the hierarchical AdHoc wireless network topology, the entire network is composed of a cluster as a subnet. Each cluster is composed of a cluster header and Multiple Cluster members. The cluster header forms a high-level network, A higher-level network can be divided into clusters to form a higher-level network. The cluster headers and cluster members in each cluster are dynamically changing and automatically networking. The hierarchical structure can be divided into single-frequency hierarchical structure and multi-frequency hierarchical structure based on different hardware configurations. The single-frequency hierarchical structure uses single-frequency communication, and all nodes use the same frequency. In the multi-frequency hierarchical structure, if two-level networks exist, the low-level network communication range is small and the high-level network communication range is large, the cluster members communicate with each other at one frequency. The cluster head node uses one frequency to communicate with the cluster members, and the other frequency to maintain the communication with the cluster head.

Advantages and disadvantages of the peering plane structure and hierarchical structure in use: the peering plane structure has a simple network structure, and each node has equal status. Multiple paths exist when the source node communicates with the target node, there are no network bottlenecks and the network is relatively secure, but the biggest drawback is that the network scale is limited. As the network scale expands, the overhead of route maintenance increases and limited bandwidth is consumed; the network scale of the hierarchical structure is not limited, and the scalability is good. Due to clustering, the routing overhead is relatively small. Although the hierarchical structure requires a complex cluster header selection algorithm, however, due to the high system throughput and simple node positioning of the hierarchical network structure, AdHoc wireless networks are gradually becoming more and more hierarchical. Many network routing algorithms are proposed based on the hierarchical network mode.

2.2AdHoc wireless network routing features

AdHoc wireless network is a combination of mobile communication and computer networks. each node in the network has two functions: router and host. AdHoc networks are characterized in the following four aspects:

(1) dynamically changing network topology: the AdHoc Network does not have fixed communication facilities and central management devices. network nodes can move randomly at any speed in any direction, in addition, changes in the transmission power of the wireless transmitter, environmental impacts, and mutual interference between signals will cause dynamic changes in the network topology.

(2) Limited Resources: The operational energy provided to mobile hosts in the AdHoc Network is limited, and the higher the energy consumption of mobile hosts, the more functions the AdHoc Network functions will be reduced; on the other hand, the network itself provides limited bandwidth and conflict and interference between signals, so that the limited transmission bandwidth available to mobile hosts will be far less than the theoretical maximum bandwidth.

(3) multi-hop communication: because two network nodes are restricted by available resources, they cannot be in the same coverage network and can use AdHoc networks for multi-hop communication, communication between source and target hosts across different coverage networks is achieved.

(4) low security: the communication between nodes in the AdHoc Network is over a wireless channel. The transmitted information is vulnerable to various attacks, such as listening, re-sending, tampering, and forgery, if the routing protocol suffers from the above malicious attacks, the entire self-organized network will not work normally.

These features put forward special requirements for designing AdHoc wireless network routing algorithms, A reasonable routing algorithm must consider factors such as limited network resources, dynamically changing network topology, and increasing network throughput.

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