Five categories of operating systems and five management functions

Generally, the operating system can be divided into five management functions:

1) device management: it is mainly responsible for the data interaction between the kernel and peripheral devices. It is essentially the management of hardware devices, including the allocation, initialization, maintenance, and recovery of input and output devices. For example, you can manage audio input and output.

2) Job Management: This part of the function is mainly responsible for host interaction, graphical interface or system task management.

3) File Management: This function involves the logical and physical organization, directory structure, and management of files. From the operating system perspective, the file system allocates, maintains, and recycles the storage space of the file storage, and is responsible for file indexing, sharing, and permission protection. From the user's point of view, the file system accesses the file according to the file directory and file name.

4) Process Management: indicates that the only mark of a process is PCB (Process Control Block), which maintains the process information and status. In essence, the process management system uses some process scheduling algorithms to reasonably distribute the processing to each task.

5) Storage Management: Data Storage Method and organization structure.

 

The types of operating systems can also be divided into batch processing systems, time-based operating systems, real-time operating systems, and network operating systems. The following describes their respective features:

1) Batch Processing System: First, after the user submits the job and does not interact with the operating system after the result is obtained, the job submitted by the user is stored as a backup job by the system; data is processed in batches, and the operating system is responsible for the Automatic completion of jobs. Multi-channel programs are supported.

2) time-sharing operating system: in terms of interactivity, users can control the Dynamic Running of programs. Multiple User Logon terminals are supported, and each user shares CPU and other system resources.

3) Real-time Operating System: there will be clock management, including scheduled processing and delay processing. Real-time requirements are relatively high. Some tasks must be processed first, while some tasks will be completed by delayed scheduling.

4) network operating system: the network operating system has several basic functions.

(1) Network Communication: Responsible for reliable data communication between the source host and the target host, which is the most basic function.

(2) network services: The system supports email services, file transmission, data sharing, and device sharing.

(3) Resource Management: manages the resources shared in the network. For example, you can set permissions to ensure the security of data sources.

(4) Network Management: the main task is to achieve security management. For example, "Access Control" is used to ensure data access security, and "Fault Tolerance" is used to ensure data security when a server fails.

(5) Interactive operations: in the LAN environment of the customer/server model, multiple clients and hosts can not only communicate with the server, but also access the file system of the server.

Five categories of operating systems and five management functions