Five categories of operating systems, five management functions, and five Operating Systems

Five categories of operating systems, five management functions, and five Operating Systems

Generally, the operating system can be divided into five management functions:

1) device management: it is mainly responsible for the data interaction between the kernel and peripheral devices. It is essentially the management of hardware devices, including the allocation, initialization, maintenance, and recovery of input and output devices. For example, you can manage audio input and output.

2) Job Management: This part of the function is mainly responsible for host interaction, graphical interface or system task management.

3) File Management: This function involves the logical and physical organization, directory structure, and management of files. From the operating system perspective, the file system allocates, maintains, and recycles the storage space of the file storage, and is responsible for file indexing, sharing, and permission protection. From the user's point of view, the file system accesses the file according to the file directory and file name.

4) Process Management: indicates that the only mark of a process is pcb (Process Control Block), which maintains the process information and status. In essence, the process management system uses some process scheduling algorithms to reasonably distribute the processing to each task.

5) Storage Management: Data Storage Method and organization structure.

 

The types of operating systems can also be divided into batch processing systems, time-based operating systems, real-time operating systems, and network operating systems. The following describes their respective features:

1) Batch Processing System: First, after the user submits the job and does not interact with the operating system after the result is obtained, the job submitted by the user is stored as a backup job by the system; data is processed in batches, and the operating system is responsible for the Automatic completion of jobs. Multi-channel programs are supported.

2) time-sharing operating system: in terms of interactivity, users can control the Dynamic Running of programs. Multiple User Logon terminals are supported, and each user shares CPU and other system resources.

3) Real-time Operating System: there will be clock management, including scheduled processing and delay processing. Real-time requirements are relatively high. Some tasks must be processed first, while some tasks will be completed by delayed scheduling.

4) network operating system: the network operating system has several basic functions.

(1) Network Communication: Responsible for reliable data communication between the source host and the target host, which is the most basic function.

(2) network services: The system supports email services, file transmission, data sharing, and device sharing.

(3) Resource Management: manages the resources shared in the network. For example, you can set permissions to ensure the security of data sources.

(4) Network Management: the main task is to achieve security management. For example, "Access Control" is used to ensure data access security, and "Fault Tolerance" is used to ensure data security when a server fails.

(5) Interactive operations: in the LAN environment of the customer/server model, multiple clients and hosts can not only communicate with the server, but also access the file system of the server.

Five major functions and functions of writing an operating system

The operating system has five functions:

1. processor management: mainly controls and manages CPU work.

2. Storage Management: Mainly allocates and manages memory.

3. device management: Manages Basic Input and Output devices.

4. File Management: organizes, stores, operates, and protects computer files.

5. Process Management: job management refers to the management of operations performed on computers.

Briefly describe the five major management functions of the operating system and their respective features

Five management functions of the operating system:
(1) Job Management: Includes task, interface management, human-computer interaction, graphic interface, voice control, and virtual reality;
(2) File Management: Also known as information management;
(3) Storage Management: The management of storage space mainly refers to the management of primary storage;
(4) device management: the management of hardware devices, including the allocation, start, completion, and recovery of input and output devices;
(5) Process Management: it is essentially the management of the "time" of the processor, that is, how to allocate the CPU to each task reasonably.
The features of the five operating systems are as follows:
(1) features of the batch processing operating system are as follows: a. users use computers offline. After submitting a job, the user no longer deals with the computer until the result is obtained. Jobs can be submitted directly to the management operator of the computing center, or through a remote communication line. The submitted jobs are stored in the system as backup jobs.
B. batch processing. The operator processes the Jobs submitted by the user in batches. The operating system or supervisor is responsible for automatic scheduling and execution of each batch of jobs.
C. run multiple programs. According to the Scheduling Principle of multi-channel program design, multiple jobs are selected from a batch of backup jobs to be transferred to the memory and organized to run them to become multi-channel batch processing.
(2) features of the time-sharing operating system are as follows: a. Interactivity: First, you can control the Dynamic Running of the program. Second, it is convenient for users to submit jobs on the machine. Third, the time-sharing system also facilitates collaboration between users.
B. Multi-User synchronization: multiple users can connect to the machine on their own terminals at the same time, share CPU and other resources, and give full play to the system efficiency.
C. Independence: In terms of objective results, users do not feel that others are using this computer, just as they are using a computer exclusively.
(3) features of the real-time operating system include: a. Real-time clock management (timed processing and latency processing ).
B. Continuous human-machine dialog, which is often necessary for real-time control.
C. overload protection measures are required. For example, for short-term overload, the input task is queued in the buffer zone according to certain policies, waiting for scheduling; for persistent overload, the input of some tasks may be rejected; in the real-time control system, then some tasks are processed in time, and some tasks are abandoned or the service frequency of some tasks is reduced.
D. redundancy measures should be taken for high reliability and security. Dual-host system front and back-end work, including necessary confidentiality measures.
(4) features of the network operating system: a. The computer network is a group of interconnected computer systems.
B. These computers are autonomous. Each computer has its own operating system and works independently. They work collaboratively under the control of network protocols.
C. System Interconnection should be implemented through communication facilities (hardware and software.
D. The system implements information exchange, resource sharing, interoperability, and collaborative processing through communication facilities to meet various application requirements.
(5) distributed operating systems have the following features: a. The development of computer networks follows the protocol, and there is no standard protocol for various distributed systems. Of course, computer networks can also be considered as distributed systems.
B. distributed systems require a unified operating system to ensure the uniformity of system operations.
C. The distributed operating system is transparent to users. However, for a computer network, if a user on a computer wants to use resources on another computer, the user must specify the computer.
D. The basis of the distributed system is the network. A distributed system is not only a physically loosely coupled system, but also a logically tightly coupled system.
E. the distributed system is still in the research stage. Computer Networks have been widely used in various fields.