Debian hard disk installation notes allow sarge to settle in

In the past, debian was used in vmware, which was very slow and unsatisfactory. However, it took nearly half a semester to learn about the basics of linux (a practical tool on the shell command, vim editor, and other character interfaces ), I also like debian. One of the major reasons for using a virtual machine to install it is that it is said to be the most difficult linux release except geetoo. The second is that there is no CD-burning tool, and there are only a few image files on the hard disk. The "hard disk installation method" on the Internet is not clear. The next determination to install debian should be a whim. I wanted to try it out that night. Sometimes I think I am a debian enthusiast, but I haven't installed debian on my hard disk. Is it competent? Later, it was proved that my decision was correct. This installation and configuration made me learn something I could not learn at all when using a virtual machine.

Because there is no burner, you have to use the hard disk installation method. There are a lot of articles on hard disk installation on the Internet. Unfortunately, I tried three methods and did not succeed. Finally, I found an article on bootgrub installation in the debian topic section of linuxsir.org. The specific method is to first open the boot. ini file under the partition installed in windows. On my machine, even if the folder option is set to show all files, this file still does not exist, but it must exist. So I open the Notepad program and choose to open the file, in the pop-up dialog box, select the c root directory and enter boot in the file name. ini, it will not open this hidden file, add such a line at the end of c: ootgrub = "Start GRUB" In fact, the content in "" can be written as you like. Then copy the two downloaded files to the c drive root directory (http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php? T = 168154)

Step 2 download these three important files: initrd.gz, initrd. list, vmlinuz. the article I was reading went to ustc to download (ftp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian/dis...s/hd-media/2.6/), but the three files I downloaded from here seemed inappropriate, and there was a problem at startup, so I went to the geekbone that I trusted to download the three files. I have read the article about the linux kernel. I know that vmlinuzis a compressed image of the linux kernel, and initrd.gz is used to start linux. Because the debian image is sarge, you must select the correct version when downloading these three images. There is also a very detailed problem here. Due to the problem of windows itself, after vmlinuz is downloaded, there will be an additional txt extension name, you can use this command at the command prompt to remove the suffix (first enter the directory where the file is stored): rename vmlinuz.txt vmlinuz

The third step is to download a sarge image I have for download two, one debian-31r0a-i386-netinst (this applies to the network installation method, so it is m size, if you can make sure that debian can correctly configure the network so that you can connect to the Internet during installation and your network speed is OK, select this one, because I am not sure of this, I downloaded a large one ). The other is the relatively large debian-31r0a-i386-binary-1, that is, the first installation disk, if there is no network to use this disk can be installed with a sufficient system. However, if there is no network, you should not install linux, especially debian. debian without a network seems useless. Without a network, you may lose your limbs, it is really uncomfortable.
After completing these three steps, you must put the initrd.gz, initrd. list, vmlinuz, debian-31r0a-i386-binary-1 files in the root directory of A fat32 partition, if there is no fat32 partition, you can find a way.

Step 4 start the image. This is mainly done in accordance with the following Daxia method:

After the preceding configuration is complete, restart windows. The multi-boot menu appears. Select "Start GRUB" and enter the following command:
Find □/ vmlinuz
Kernel □( hd0, 4)/vmlinuz □root =/dev/ram □ramdisk_size = 128000, devfs = mount, dall
Initrd □( hd0, 4)/initrd.gz
Boot
Note: □represents a space. I used to make a mistake in this place, so it is marked out that (hd0, 4) different machines will have different results, it is determined by the First Command. After executing the first command, my machine displays: (hd0, 4). Therefore, in the second and third commands, 4) if the above steps are successful, the installation will automatically start.
Select the language, set IP address, partition, and so on. During partitioning, I only split one swap partition, and the rest are all mounted under the root partition, so as to avoid space shortage caused by unreasonable allocation.
However, I encountered a major disaster in this step: After I learned how to use the debian partition tool and divide the partition, when I write partition information to the hard disk, I always prompt that the partition information cannot be written. Let me restart and try again. So I started it again. After I started it, I couldn't see the windows Startup menu. The detection result was a disk failuer! In this case, the only way is to recover the windows system. However, when the ghost is used for recovery, I find that this tool cannot even be found on my C drive! It's okay to calm down and think about how to use the windows installation disk to restore partition information.
As a result, the partition information is restored, and the first step is to start the computer and select "Start GRUB". This time there was no problem in the partition, and the basic system was successfully installed, it's just an escape. It is estimated that debian has settled down. I don't think I will delete it.

Step 5 configure the basic system. The following is what the man said:

After the above steps are completed, restart, configure the basic system, and set the settings according to your own situation. After configuring the APT installation source, Press Esc to exit the setting environment and go to the main menu of basic system settings, first, run a Shell command (the following □represents space)
First, create Several folders under/mnt:
Mkdir □d
Mkdir □iso
Mount the partition with the installation file:
Mount □- t □vfat □- o □codepage = 936, iocharset = cp936 □/ dev/hda5 □/ mnt/d
(The/dev/hda5 in this place may be different. Check the specific machine. I used it (hd0, 4). Here it is hda5. If it fails, you can change 5 in hda5 to another number)
Mount and install the iso file:
Cd □/ mnt/d
Mount □- t □iso9660 □- o □loop □sarge-i386-1.iso □/ mnt/iso
Exit the basic configuration environment:
Exit
In this case, select APT source settings, enter the filesystem option first, and enter the following in the path:
/Mnt/iso
Whether to continue setting the installation source. If yes, the setting is complete. Return to the basic configuration main menu.
Because when my basic system was started, I saw that it could automatically find the network configuration (unfortunately, it was still wrong. It was not the gateway of our dormitory, but for other dormitories), so I did not perform the above operations, that is, the first disk is useless now. I want to install the latest software through the network, although the installation may not be better than the new
Select "install other software ":
After entering, use the space key to select the software to install, such as the desktop system. You can also use the custom software to install the software "*"
Or
(The following method is recommended for installation)
Select "execute a Shell command" and use the following command to customize the installation software (the following is only assumed that the first disk is added as the installation source ):
Apt-get install x-window-system-core kde-core gnome-core kdm zhcon xmms xpdf-rea der kmix mozilla-firefox vim manpages-dev

Note:
After the above installation KDE can not achieve Chinese environment (no kde-i18n-zhcn package), there is no input method
If you cannot access the Internet through the installation machine, you are advised to download the following package from the Internet in advance:
Fcitx, kde-i18n-zhcn, vim-gtk, ttf-arphic-gbsn00lp, ttf-arphic-gkai00mp, rcconf
Ttf-arphic-uming
You can query from the following addresses:

Http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages
Download
Run the following command:
Dpkg-I filename. deb to install the downloaded file. After installation, restart.
Or
Install directly over the network after updating sources. list (refer to the http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/sources/)
Apt-get install package-name

Fcitx Configuration:
After installation is complete, enter X
Create a file/etc/X11/Xsession. d/25xchinput-start
Write in
Export G_FILENAME_ENCODING = @ GBK
Export LANG = zh_CN.GB2312
Export XMODIFIERS = @ im = fcitx
Fcitx
In this way, fcitx can be automatically started with X.

Vim Configuration:
After installation, go to the system to configure vim and run the following command as the Root user:
Cp/usr/share/vim/vim63/vimrc_example.vim/usr/share/vim/vimrc

Kernel header file installation:
Apt-get install kernel-headers'-2.6.8-2

Kernel image update:
If your CPU is one of PPro/celon/PII/PIII/P4, you can install the following kernel image:
Apt-get install kernel-image-2.6.8-2-686 after restart, select kernel-image-2.6 in the boot menu. after 8-2-686, run the command dpkg-r kernel-image-2.6.8-2-386 to delete the previous image.

Network Configuration tool:
Apt-get install etherconf # note that all the items in the configuration process must be filled in, even if not, the example or other addresses must be filled in to avoid configuration failure
Reconfigure the system IP Address: dpkg-reconfigure etherconf

Step 6: I don't like kde's heavy desktop environment very much. I chose xfce4 ,. So the software I installed is as follows:
X-window-system-core xfce4 zhcon vim xmms mozilla-firefox fcitx
Zhcon is the abbreviation of the Chinese (zh) console. Without it, you will feel that working on the left side of the character is a nightmare. With it, you can do most of the work.
X-window-system-core is the basis for any desktop operations. It can only run with xfce.
Xfce4 is the latest version of the lightweight Desktop manager (window manager) xfce. It has improved a lot and is enough to use it.
Vim is an enhanced version of vi. I used vi before. It is a nightmare to use commands. vim is a perfect combination of vi and notepad of windows. It can use Quick commands, you can also use the cursor.
Xmms is a good choice for listening to mp3, although it has not been solved yet
Mozilla-firefox is a Web browser with good speed
Fcitx is a Chinese Input Method for little penguins. It is very good, similar to Ziguang pinyin.
I did not install the software together, but installed the software one by one. Although it is troublesome, it can be implemented step by step.
Install zhcon first, and then install x-window-system-core.
After installing x-window-system-core, start x-window first and run the startx command. An error is returned, which means it cannot be started. With the prompt, I disabled the framebuffer function. There are at least two ways to close it. First, use dpk