Hierarchical design of AD10

Mr. Lou, huaqing Vision Embedded College lecturer.

1. Altium Designer 10 Introductory knowledge

1.1.1 What is Altium Designer

Altium Designer offers a unified application solution, an upgraded version of Protel (Classic version Protel 99se), all the necessary technologies and features required for integrated electronic product development. Altium Designer integrates board-level and FPGA system design in a single design environment, embedded software development based on FPGA and discrete processors, and PCB layout design, editing, and fabrication. and integrates modern design data management capabilities, making Altium designer a complete solution for electronic product development-a solution that meets both current and future development needs.

Features of 1.1.2.Altium Designer 10

Instead of a scheme named after a seasonal theme (such as winter09,summer09), it uses a new, level numbering format to name new releases. The newly released Altium Designer-release 10 will continue the process of inserting new features and technologies, making it easier and easier for you to create your next generation of electronic product designs. Altium's unified design architecture is known for integrating hardware, software, and programmable hardware into a single application. It allows you to freely explore and develop new design ideas and design ideas within a project, or even across the entire team, each with a unified design view of the entire design process.

Notable highlights are as follows:

Provides a new desktop platform that puts design data management at the heart of the design process.

New dimensions are provided for the search and management of device data to ensure that the design data output to the manufacturer is accurate and repeatable.

Provide a smart link to the design environment for supply chain information to ensure a better choice of component usage.

A Device data management solution covering the entire design and production lifecycle is provided, and the structured output process ensures the integrity of the output information.

Enhancements to the R10 series include: Output Job editor, internal layer split acceleration improvement, pop-up Polygon pour manager, Atmel QTouch support, custom Cartesian right angle and polar grid, Aldec HDL emulation function, more GUI enhancements than using pointers, And as Altium Designer10 nears its release date, we'll build more of these cool features. Furthermore, the stability of the platform has been enhanced.

1.3 Overall flow

1.3.1, program analysis
For the specific project to be faced, the first thing the engineer does is to design the whole principle of the different scheme, then the comparison and determination of the scheme and the component selection.

1.3.2, circuit simulation
The circuit simulation is to be done for the whole circuit or local circuit determined in the scheme, so as to estimate the circuit parameters and modify the defects in the design scheme by reference to the simulation results.

1.3.3 Design schematic diagram
Schematic design part at the same time need to do the principle of the design of the library, although the Altium designer 10 software comes with a subset of libraries, but does not include all the components on the market, especially the latest launch components. In the process of drawing the schematic diagram, the complexity of the overall schematic diagram determines the design method of the structure. Often referred to as the hierarchical schematic design, for engineers to do complex circuit board provides a convenient. At the end of the schematic design, use the ERC (electrical Rules Check) to find the wrong reason and modify the schematic diagram.

1.3.4 Design-Build Package
The package design of the device is primarily to view the device manuals. The actual tool of the device can also be measured directly with the measuring tool and then encapsulated.

1.3.5 PCB Board Design
After determining the PCB mechanical dimensions, the engineer will import the PCB through the original road map of the ERC test, set the PCB rules according to the actual requirements of the project, and the layer number of the board. Layout in the PCB design accounted for most of the time, a good hardware engineer on the layout of the requirements are very harsh, especially electromagnetic compatibility issues. The layout is then routed, teardrop, copper paved, and the DRC (Designer Rule Check) tested.

1.3.6 Proofreading Review
After the engineer finishes the PCB design, it is necessary to proofread the circuit of the design, and to determine that the hardware circuit designed in the scheme has not been modified by mistake for special reasons. For complex circuit boards, multi-person division of labor, and ultimately by the PCB engineer cabling, more need for the respective design of the circuit diagram and PCB parts to proofread, and ultimately by the project engineer to do the overall audit.

1.3.7 Document Collation
This part is mainly divided into three parts of the work: Export the GERBER documents required for the board, material list (BOM) production, export schematic files, print output.

2. Altium Designer 10 Set up the project

All of the circuit design work for Altium Designer 10 must be done in the design Explorer, and the design manager is also the primary working interface after Altium Designer 10 starts. Design manager has a friendly man-machine interface, and the design is powerful, easy to use, easy to get started. This chapter will therefore introduce the design manager's use of the board design.

2.1 Opening the Altium Designer 10 software

On the desktop, double-click the Altium Designer 10 shortcut key to start screen 2-1.

Figure 2-1 Altium Designer 10 splash screen

2.2 Main Menu and main toolbar

The main menu and the main toolbar are shown in 2-2. The main menu bar of Altium Designer 10 includes file, view, Project, window, help, and so on.

On the left is the files Panels (file work panel), Navigator (Wizard), Projects (project), the right side is the main work panel, the bottom is the status bar. The project bar is the place where we often use the operation, it is necessary to note that the left menu column position is flexible, you can follow your own habits to move.

Figure 2-2 Altium Designer 10 main toolbar

2.3 Project Engineering Establishment

2.3.1 in your workspace, create a new package (for example, create a package on the desktop, and the next project file will be stored in the package).

2.3.2 Click the menu "File" → "New" → "Project" → "PCB Project", the default is PCB Project1. PrjPCB, as shown in 2.3 when finished.

Figure 2-3 Altium Designer 10 new Project

2.3.4 Save this project
Right-click the project map → "Save Project" → Specify the package, or click "File" → "Save Project" with your mouse.

2.3.5 creating schematic files and PCB files
Click the menu "file" → "New" → "Schematic" to create a schematic file (default to the Altium template if you have not modified the software template) and save it directly within the specified project folder.
Click the menu "file" → "New" → "PCB" to create a schematic file, saved in the specified project folder.
The saved method is similar to the project save.

2.3.6 Adding files
Add an already established schematic file and PCB file to the specified project, click the menu "project" → "Add Existing to Project", pop up 2.4.
The mouse double click on the schematic, then add to the specified project, the same way, we can add the created PCB file to the specified project.
At the same time, we can add the schematic diagram needed by the project to the specified project.

Figure 2.4 Add Existing to Project

Figure 2.5 Remove from Project

2.3.7 deleting the added files

Right-click on the file in Figure 2.5, click "Remove from Project" In the popup menu class to delete the created file.

3. Altium Designer 10 Schematic design

3.1 Schematic diagram template design
For engineers, it is also possible to use the various templates that are available from Altium Designer, where I will describe a way to create a template. Of course, we advocate reflection, that is whether we should build templates, how to build templates, what is the advantage of building templates, how to use templates.
Schematic template is easy to use specifications, because each company has its own LOGO, there are auditing, proofreading, project name, number and so on. Many companies take their own build templates. The establishment and use of the template will be described in more detail next.

3.1.1 Creating and saving templates
For the saved path, it is recommended to save it in a more clear location, and then put it in the location specified by Altium Designer when the last template is established.
Click the menu "file" → "New" → "Schematic" to establish the schematic file (default to the Altium template if you have not modified the software template), save the format when saving, and if you save it directly. SchDoc "format, while the template format is". Schdot "format.
Select the Save as type "Advanced Schematic template (*. Schdot) "and named this model, 3.1.

Figure 3.1 Creating and saving a template

3.2 Editing a template
3.2.1 Open the newly created schematic template model. Schdot, click "Design" → "Document Option". Or with the shortcut key D+o completed. 3.2 is shown
In the "Sheet options" in the "template" in the schematic to update, select the size you need, the default is A4, but in many cases, the company to choose A3 Template.

Make a simple introduction to the paper
US: A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, of which A4 is the smallest.
Imperial: A, B, C, D, E, where Type A is the smallest.
Other: Protel also supports other types of drawings, such as Orcad A, letter, Legal, and so on.

After selecting Done, click "Clear Template", Pop Up the dialog box, click "Yes", the original template has been emptied.

Figure 3.2 Schematic template setup box

3.2.2 Set the format you want
On an empty schematic sheet, first determine the size of the table and logo you are using, and plan the area. Dashes used when partitioning: click "place" → "drewing Tools" → "lines", shortcut keys p+d+l.
After the area planning is complete, place the contents of each partition: "Places" → "Text String", Press "tab" key in the keyboard, enter the content you need, click OK. 3.3

Figure 3.3 Schematic template content editing 1

3.2.3 the "project name, design person, auditor, logo" and other information used in the design to the parameters

"Place" → "Text String" + "tab", select the corresponding option
Project Name: =title
Designer: =engineer
Auditor: =address1
Version number: =address2
Design Date: =date

For the logo add the "place" → "drewing Tools" → "Graphic", such as we put in a JPG format "Dell".

Finish Effect 3.4

Figure 3.4 Schematic template content editing after completion

3.2.4 to place the template in the specified path
Copy the template, locate the path C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\documents\altium\ad 10\templates, paste the template.

3.2.5 Add the template to the AD10 schematic diagram
Simply add the created template file under the template option in the parameter Settings (menu dxp->>preferences->>schematic->>general) of the software. Create a good template file to add, each new schematic will add the template to the design.

3.3 Element Principle library design and PCB package design

3.3.1 Building a library
The "File" → "New" → "Library" → "Sch library" schematic library set up,
"File" → "New" → "Library" → "PCB Library" package library established,

Figure 3.5 Building of the component library and package

Create a new component "Tools" → "New compoment", here take 24C02 as an example.

Figure 3.6 Component naming

View electrical characteristics.

Figure 3.7 View 24c02datasheet

Place shape and pin shortcut keys p+r, adjust the appropriate small. Place the pin p+p, and then click the Tab key of the keyboard to eject the Pin Properties dialog box and modify the corresponding properties.

Figure 3.8, placing the outer block diagram 3.9 placing the pin

In Pin Propertis, the Display name pin definition, designator is the pin serial number, followed by visable, whether visible, in the schematic some components have a substrate, we usually hide the pin with the substrate, the length of the pin can be set according to need. For negative signals, such as negative voltages, negatively calming feet, and so on, you need to add a "\" symbol, such as "v\c\c\" to indicate a negative VCC level, similar to a non-format in a digital circuit.

Figure 3.10 Pin Properties

Figure 3.11 24C02 schematic diagram

View 24C02 's footprint, as follows.

Figure 3.12 24C02 Footprint Data

Use the wizard to create a component package in a pcblib environment.
"Tools" → "Compoment Wizard" pops up,

Figure 3.13 Compoment Wizard

Figure 3.14 Footprints Type

Use the wizard to create a component package in a pcblib environment.
"Tools" → "Compoment Wizard" pops up,
General SMD pin Pads are larger than the pins 8mil to 20mil, can also be larger than this number, depending on the situation. For some BGA packages, sometimes the pads may also be slightly smaller than the pins.

Figure 3.14 Pin Pad Size setting

Figure 3.15 pin pitch size setting

Figure 3.16 PIN Number Size setting

Figure 3.17 Completing the package design

3.4 Overall Library production

The following introduction in the use of ACCESS to the data sheet file, schematic packaging production in a whole library, the advantage is that the confidence of the various components in a table, and found in the schematic diagram of the information, in the BOM at the time can be exported to this information, easy to purchase and determine components, cost accounting.

Figure 3.18 Files in the overall library

"File" → "New" → "Library" → "Database Library" established, create an. mdb file in Access, note the consistency of naming with the database library file.

Figure 3.19 "Database Library" settings

Add the file in the Source database type Pass, and note that the path is added.

Figure 3.20 Access File Settings

In an Access file, the information about the component is set, and it is finished adding to the library

Figure 3.21 Integrated Library Additions

Call the library in the library's column to see which components have been added

Figure 3.22 Components shown in the integrated library

Figure 3.23 Schematic Placement Components

Double-click the symbol in the library, the component appears in the mouse position in the schematic, and right-click to stop placing the symbol.

Figure 3.24 Component information

Double-click the symbol to display the above information.

3.5 Schematic editing settings

About the settings in the schematic, only the usual "DXP" → "Preferences" is described here

Figure 3.25 Schematic placement

Figure 3. schematic/p>

Add your own templates to the Defaults template, and note that you save your template in the path specified in AD10.

Figure 3.27 Schematic Template Additions

Set the mouse wheel to control the scaling of the schematic diagram, in the PCB environment is also set

Figure 3.28 Mouse settings, remove the Ctrl-your-face tick

For mouse display settings, cursor Type is recommended for use with Large cursor 90, where components are guaranteed to be in a straight line when placing components.

Figure 3. Cursor Type Placement

Grid Options settings are displayed in the principle, in the printing of dot format, usually choose the line format, while placing components, to ensure that you placed the components of the electrical pin point grid point, NET placement is so, otherwise the schematic lines in the PCB There is no connection in the environment.

Figure 3. Grid Options Settings

Figure 3.31 Schematic Placement

Figure 3.32 schematic placement

3.6 Schematic File Settings

Edit the schematic settings of the file, open the schematic right click Find Docment Options shown below

Figure 3.33 Schematic Placement

Add templates to the template, select Paper on the right, fill in the grid in Girds, select Enable

Figure 3.34 Schematic Template Placement

Figure 3.35 schematic content fill-in placement

Figure 3.36 Schematic Placement

3.7 Sequencing of components

1. Questions about automatic sequencing of components
Then for the placed components to sort, in the previous step we set up the working environment of the schematic diagram, select the required components from the library, design the circuit, but these components are not labeled by default, the overall format of the question mark is displayed in the schematic diagram. The following is a voltage conversion circuit, is a commonly used 5V to 3.3 and 1.8 of the circuit.

Figure 3.37 Schematic element Placement

Back to sort, "Tools" → "annotate" (shortcut key T+a)
In the order of processing components in the sequence, in the Schematic Sheets to annotate select the corresponding schematic, in which there is a schematic, in fact, can be many, at the same time you can set each schematic number of the starting number and suffix, respectively, corresponding Satart index and suffix.
Click Update changes List, updating the sorting, if duplicate, sometimes use reset Duplicate, or reset all, if you use the back annotate, pay attention to the schematic and PCB element ID number corresponds, if necessary, in the PCB Environment, the Compontlink operation is performed.

Figure 3.38 Component Sequencing

Figure 3.39 Component Sequencing

Figure 3.40 Component sequencing

Sort done Click Execute changes to perform the sort.

Figure 3.41 Component Sequencing

Return to the schematic to see that the component sequence is complete.

Figure 3.42 Component Sequencing

3.8 Wiring and component position conversions
Here are some tips for placing components, adjusting the direction of components, and switching through the SPACEBAR. For some special, such as transistor, integrated chip, you can also do symmetrical processing, in order to facilitate the connection, the left mouse button, press the keyboard x, Y, where X is about, Y is up and down. For wiring, shortcut key is p+w line, P+b bus, place net, P+n place comment p+t, in short click P After careful look, can distinguish you need to use tool.

Figure 3.43 Diagram of the completed cabling

Design of 3.9 level schematic diagram

Two types, one is a custom down design, at this time, we already know all the interfaces that have been defined, especially like cooperative schematic design, in the top layer of all the ports allocated well, directly generate a different schematic, in the schematic diagram will show the interface used. Another kind, from the bottom up of the design, this is we can focus on the local circuit design, and in the design process to place the port, and finally through the top floor schematic will be used to integrate the local schematic diagram.

Step one: Take the 3232 synchronous signal as an example to briefly describe how to produce a schematic from the top floor.
Create a schematic of the top layer,
Place sheet Symbol
"Place" + "sheet symbol"
Place Port
"Place" + "Add sheet entry"
Connect the sheet ports together

Figure 3.44 Connecting different modules

"Design" + "creat Sheet from Sheet Symbol" (the shortcut is the module corresponding to the d+r and then the mouse single section)

Figure 3.45 Production schematic diagram

According to the above operation, we can produce the required schematic drawings, but all the schematic drawings only the corresponding port port

Figure 3.46 The overall schematic is open

Design of self-bottom top layer in hierarchical schematic diagram
First of all, we need to set up the project needs of each schematic module, placed in a file frame, and then in the establishment of the top floor schematic, at this time for a blank schematic, in the blank schematic of the direct production of sheet block, with wire or bus to connect this part of the module. The operation is as follows

Figure 3.47 Open the top level schematic diagram

The method of placing the module, shortcut key d+y.

Figure 3.48 Add module, adjust port

Figure 3.49 diagram to complete the connection

3.10 Supplement to the design knowledge of multi-channel hierarchical schematic diagrams

Engineers must analyze the scope of the port and net label before the multichannel design.
Scope of "Poet" and "Net Label"
The scope of the two network identities can vary and change. By opening the Project\project option\option tab, select the four options (Automatic, Hierarchical, Flat, Global) in the Net Identifier Scope column An item.

"Hierarchical" represents a hierarchical structure, in which case the Net Label,port is within a single sheet. Of course, the Port can be connected to the upper Sheet Entry to pass the signal vertically between the drawings.

"Flat" represents a flat sheet structure, in which case the Net Label is within a single sheet. The function of port extends to all drawings, and each drawing has the same port name, so it can transmit signal.

"Global" is the most open way to connect, in which case the Net Label, Port's scope extends to all drawings. Each drawing can be signaled as long as it has the same Port or the same Net Label.

"Automatic" is the default option, indicating that the system detects the contents of the project sheet, which automatically adjusts the scope of the network identity. The process of detection and automatic adjustment is as follows: If the schematic has Sheet entry identification, the network identity is adjusted to hierarchical. If there is no Sheet Entry logo in the schematic diagram. However, with the Port identity, the network identity is adjusted to Flat. If there is no Sheet Entry logo in the schematic, and there is no port identifier, the Net label scope is adjusted to Global.

3.11 about the application of the box in multi-channel design

Figure 3.50 Synchronous signal equalization Circuit

Figure 3.51 using Repat for repetitive functions

Figure 3: Setting the name of the

Figure 3: Duplicate names for 53 component suffixes

After completion of the above settings, to the PCB environment in one of the wiring, a single wiring completed, with the format brush, the remaining channels, operation as follows.

In the "Design" → "Rooms" → "Copy the Formats", the mouse click Wiring completed the box, and then click the need to brush the box, pop.

In, the main element is what you copy, determined by the Options item, with the Apply to specilied Channels decision for the other changes that need to be made.

Figure 3.54 Format Brush Settings

Figure 3.55 Single-

Figure 3.56 format Brush After the space, adjust the position

3.12 Preliminary compilation of schematic diagram
After the above set up is to compile the schematic, next we will show an example of the compilation process

Compile PCB projects. PrjPCB in Project, shortcut key is C+c, can be completed

Figure 3.57 compilation

Pop-up dialog box, if not pop-up, in the lower right there is the Syetem option to open, there is a Message option, open can be seen, as the hint in the picture, the network name is repeated, this is not affected by the import of PCB wiring.
In the new PCB, import the compiled network, the specific operation, in the schematic environment, click Design in the Updata from the Sch to PCB, eject, click Execute changes

Figure 3.58 Importing the Network

3.13 The operation of the differential pair

For differential pair designs, especially for high-speed circuits, the differential requirements are long-term processing, which is where the so-called serpentine alignment occurs.

In the following two images, the independent differential pair gears is presented. In the differential pair, the main is to place Net and differential pair symbols. NET placement note the suffix of net, "_ P", "_n", the case can be, and the other is to put the differential pair label: "Place" "driectives" "Differential pair"

Figure 3.59 Differential pair schematic diagram

Figure 3.60 Differential pair Settings

Differential pair Cabling P+i,

Figure 3.61 Differential pair schematic diagram

An ERC test error occurs when NET is missing in the schematic or the net format is incorrect

Figure 3.62 Differential Pair Error

There is no differential pair marking, in the wiring, the use of differential traces, will be error.

Figure 3.63 Differential Pair Error

Figure 3.64 differential pair in bus format

Figure 3.65 Differential Pair bus format PCB cloth

AD10 Hierarchical Design