Knowledge points of Network Management in 2014: Chapter 5]

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Chapter 5 LAN Software

☆The network operating system enables computers on the network to conveniently and effectively share network resources and provide various services required for network users.

A collection of software and related procedures.

　　5.1 Operating System Overview and development

(1) The operating system has three stages of development:

A. The initial operating system is single-block and consists of a group of processes that can be called from each other. The security and scalability are poor;

B. Another structure is hierarchical, such as UNIX, Novell, Netware, and VAX/VMS.

Enhance the operating system, but the compatibility is poor;

C. Client/Server mode, represented by Mach developed by Carnegie Mellon University.

　　5.2 network operating system overview and features

5.2.1 Network Operating System Overview

(1) Functions of the network operating system:

In addition to processor management, memory management, device management, and file management, it also provides efficient and reliable network communication capabilities.

Network service functions.

5.2.2 features of the network operating system

(1) Features

A. From the perspective of architecture, today's network operating systems may be different from the complete protocol communication required by general network protocols.

Function, but has all operating system functions, such as task management, buffer management, file management, disks, printers and other peripheral management.

B. From the operating system's point of view, most network operating systems share resources with multiple users around core scheduling.

C. From the network perspective:

I. At the physical layer and link layer, a general network operating system supports multiple network interface cards and topologies.

II. The layer-3 to layer-5 network software of the OSI model mainly corresponds to the following two features:

A. Support for high-level services

B. Support for effective and reliable network data transmission

Iii. Functions of OSI Layer 7 and layer 6 network operating systems generally use OSI as internal functions.

(2) characteristics of a typical network operating system:

A. Hardware independence

B. BRIDGE/route connection

C. Multi-User Support

D. Network Management

E. Security and Access Control

F. User Interface

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　　5.3 structure of the network operating system

5.3.1 Windows NT System Structure

(1) The structure framework of Windows NT can be divided

A. System User status (Protection subsystem)

This part consists of customer processes and server processes. Windows NT has two types of protection subsystems: Environment Subsystem and integration subsystem.

B. System Core State (NT execution body)

NT performs the main functions of the physical component:

I. Object Management Program;

Ii. Security call monitoring;

Iii. process management procedures;

Iv. Local process call (LPC );

V. Virtual Memory Management;

Vi. kernel: responds to interruptions and exceptions. Scheduling thread: provides a set of basic objects and interfaces;

VII. I/O systems include the following self-components: I/O management programs, file systems, network redirection programs and network servers, device drivers

Sequential, high-speed buffer storage management program;

VIII. Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

IX. The first six of the preceding components must implement two sets of functions:

System services and internal routines

5.3.2 UNIX System Structure

(1) UNIX systems are divided into the core layer and the practical layer.

(2) The kernel can be divided into storage management, process management, process communication, interruptions, traps and system calls, and input and output

File System.

(3) All user processes call the services provided by the kernel through traps

5.3.3 system structure of NetWare

(1) The most important thing is the open architecture based on the concept of module design.

　　5.4 network functions of the network operating system

5.4.1 network functions of Windows NT

1. Introduction to Windows NT internal network

(1) Windows NT is a network operating system that integrates network functions in the operating system. Its I/O system consists of five parts:

A. Input/Output hypervisor

B. File System

C. Buffer Storage Management System

D. Device Driver

E. Network Driver

(2) NT internal network Workflow

User-Mode Software calls the local I/O service → I/O hypervisor creates an I/O Request package (IRP) and sends the request to the Windows NT Redirection Program

Sequencing → the Redirection Program submits the request packet to the Transport Driver → the transport driver processes the request packet and places it on the network.

(3) features of Windows NT internal network

A. Add the Networking capability to the operating system to make it an integral part of the operating system functions;

B. NT supports file copying, email and remote printing without requiring users to install any network server software on the machine;

C. The built-in network contains many components, but the main ones are redirection programs, servers, and transmission drivers.

D. Existing networks, network drivers and network servers are also easy to exchange and interact with data in the NT System.

E. The internal network is open, and various components can be dynamically transferred and detached.

2. built-in network functions of Windows NT

(1) network functions are built into the operating system kernel;

(2) NT Network part and LAN Manager, MS-NET interoperability and network-level compatibility.

(3) interoperability with other network systems.

(4) provides a mechanism to easily establish distributed applications

(5) Openness

3. Windows NT Network Architecture

(1) The named pipe at the application layer is a high-level interface of Net BIOS, which provides an abstract, reliable, and

Easy-to-use data channels.

(2) The redirection is used to interpret network I/O requests and generate calls to lower-layer protocols to implement network I/O functions.

(3) A unified transmission interface is defined to support the redirector and server.

(4) the transport layer and network layer are composed of the Transport Driver Module.

(5) The Link Layer defines NDIS for other hardware vendors to develop their network hardware drives.

5.4.2 UNIX network functions

1. File Management

(1) File Replication: for example, uccp command

(2) Joint File System

(3) File System Protection

2. Execution of User Programs

Display and implicit Modes

5.4.3 network functions of NetWare

1. Netware Network Communication Channel Technology

Netware can connect to four Communication drivers at the same time. Netware mainly uses Shell programs to call a large number of DOS int 12 h soft interruptions

Server Communication

2. NetWare network transmission protocol autonomy

The autonomy of NetWare network transmission protocol is reflected in two important parts:

A. Open data link layer interface (ODI)

B. Streams Module

　　5.5 Linux operating system

5.5.1 functions of Linux

(1) A large number of free source code

(2) Support for multiple file systems

(3) Support the complete implementation of TCP/IP Networks

5.5.2 common Linux software

(1) Basic commands and tools

VI, ex, Pico, Jove gun Emacs

(2) text and text processing programs

Groff, Tex, texinfo

(3) programming languages and auxiliary software

Gcc

(4) X Window System

(5) network settings

Supports TCP/IP and uucp

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