Microcomputer principle and interface technology I

In 1.1946, the world's first computer ENIAC was born at the University of Pennsylvania.

2. The first microcomputer appeared at Intel in. Its microprocessor was million times/second.

3. Memory 4 GB (1g = 1024 M, 1 m = 1024 K, 1 k = 1024b ),

Clock speed: 4 GHz (1g = 1000 m, 1 m = 1000 K, 1 k = 1000Hz)

4. Font length: the number of digits that the cup can process binary information at a time.

5. Based on the number of CPUs, it can be divided into giant computers, mainframes, middleware machines, minicomputers, and microcomputers.

Microcomputer: one machine and one CPU

Minicomputer: CPU ≥ 4

Mainframe: CPU ≥ 128

6. Interface: components connecting the CPU and external devices.

7. interfaces are divided into chip-level and card-level interfaces.

8. Main Performance Indicators of the Microcomputer:

Operation speed: Generally, the higher the frequency, the faster the operation speed.

Word Length: data that can be processed by the CPU at a time

Memory Capacity: internal memory and external memory

9. Word: a common unit for data processing within a computer.

10. In the 8086 microcomputer, DW: defines the word (1 word = 2B) DB: defines the byte DD: defines the double word (4 bytes)

11. clock speed: the Unit MHz of clock frequency determines the processing speed of the microcomputer. One bus cycle equals to four clock cycles.

12. The system bus includes the address bus AB, the Data Bus dB, and the control bus CB.

13. Composition of the Microcomputer System: hardware system and software system.

Software: system software and application software

Hardware: microprocessor (microprocessor, controller, register), memory (RAM, ROM), I/O interface and I/O device, system bus

14. hexadecimal conversion:

Converts an integer to binary, octal, and hexadecimal in decimal format. The remainder is obtained by division, and 16.

Decimal part. Decimal decimal to decimal.

For details, refer to the relevant information on the Internet.

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15. Add Q (octal) octal notation after the number, hexadecimal H, binary B (Binary), and decimal D (dicimal)

Binary: B

Gossip: Q

Decimal: d

Hexadecimal: H

Add the following symbol after the number to indicate various hexadecimal formats.

Microcomputer principle and interface technology I