I. Introduction to minix3
Minix3 is a new open-source operating system designed with high reliability, high scalability, and security. Minix3 is more or less based on previous versions, but it is fundamentally different from the old version in many key aspects. Minix1 and minix2 are purely teaching services, while minix3 has added the practical purpose of running on embedded machines with limited resources to provide services for applications with high reliability.
Ii. hardware environment1. The CPU: AMD 2.02, memory: 1g3, Hard Disk: 60g4, and minix3 are installed on virtual pc2007. The allocated memory is 384 Mb and a hard disk is 16 GB.
Iii. Installation Steps
- Download minix 3 CD-ROM Image
Download the minix 3 CD-ROM image from the download page. If you do not have an IDE CD-ROM, you can use a USB CD-ROM image or a USB memory stick image.
- Create a minix 3 CD-ROM that can be started
Decompress the downloaded file. You will get a CD-ROM image with. ISO extension and this manual. This. ISO file is a bit-by-bit CD-ROM image. Burn it into a bootable CD-ROM disc.
If you use easy CD creator 5, select "record CD from CD image" from the File menu and change the file type in the dialog box from. CIF to. ISO. Select the image file and click "open ". Click Start recording ". If you use Nero express 5, select "disc image or saved project" and change the type to "image files". Select the image file and click "open ". Select your CD recorder and click "Next ". If you are running Windows XP and do not have a CD-ROM burning program, create a cd from http://isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm.
- Confirm your Ethernet chip
Minix 3 supports several Ethernet chips that connect networks through LAN, ADSL, and cable, including Intel PRO/100, RealTek 8029 and 8139, amd Lance, and some 3Com chips. If yes, you will be asked about the Ethernet chip you are using during installation. Please check your document to confirm. If you are using Windows, you can view the Device Manager in the following ways:Windows 2000: Start> Settings> Control Panel> system> hardware> Device Manager
Windows XP: Start> Control Panel> system> hardware> Device Manager
Double-click the System option. Expand the + number next to "network adapters" to view and record your network adapter. Without the chips supported by the system, you can still run minix 3 without Ethernet connection.
- Partitioning a hard disk
If you like, you can use your CD-ROM disc to start minix 3 running on your computer, but you can also create a partition for it on the hard disk, before partitioning, make sure that your data is backed up on an external storage medium such as a CD or a DVD disk, in case of errors. Please protect valuable information.
Unless you are sure that you are a very experienced hard disk partitioning expert, you are strongly advised to read the Online Guide on hard disk partitioning. If you already know how to partition, you can create a continuous Disk Area with at least 200 MB of free space. If you need all command source code, you need 1 GB of space. If you do not know how to partition, but you have
Partition magicYou can use this partition software to create an idle Disk Area. Make sure that at least one primary partition (that is, the location of the primary Boot Record) is available. The installation script of minix 3 guides you to create a minix partition in the Free Zone of the first or second IDE hard disk. If you use Windows 95, 98, me,2000,and a hard disk only has a fatformat partition, you can use presz134.exe to narrow down its size to empty a space for Minix. For other cases, read the online guide mentioned above. If your hard disk space is larger than 128 GB, the partitions in minix 3 must be fully in the first 128 GB space (depending on the disk block address allocation method ).
Warning If you perform an incorrect operation in the hard disk partition, all data on the hard disk will be lost. Before you start, make sure that your data is backed up to a CD or DVD. Be careful when operating hard disk partitions, so proceed with caution.
2.
StartSo far, you should have allocated free space on the hard disk. If you have not completed the operation, please do it now, unless you are willing to convert an existing partition to a partition of minix 3.
- Starting from CD-ROM
Insert the CD into the CD-ROM drive and start the computer from the CD-ROM. If you have 16 MB memory or more, select "regular". If you only have 8 MB memory, select "small ". If the computer is not started from the CD-ROM but from the hard disk, restart and enter BIOS settings, change the order of the boot device, and place the CD-ROM before the hard disk boot.
- Log On As root
When a login prompt appears, log on as the root user. After successfully logging on as the root user, you will see the shell prompt (#). Now you have a fully-running minix 3. If you type:Ls/usr/bin | moreYou will see which software can be used. Click the Space key to scroll the list. If you want to view the programFooFunction, type:
Man foo
The software album is also available at www.minix3.org/manpages.
- Start installation script
To start installing minix 3 on a hard disk, TypeSetup
After this and all other commands, make sure to press enter/return ). When the installation script ends with a colon, press enter to continue. If the screen suddenly becomes blank, press Ctrl-F3 to select the software to scroll (it should only be used on a very old computer ). Note: Ctrl-key means to press the "key" key while pressing the ctrl key.
3.
Install on Hard DiskThese steps are the same as those on the screen.
- Select keyboard type
If you are asked to select your local keyboard type, select the type you are using. This and other steps have default options in square brackets. If you use the default option, you only need to press the Enter key. In most steps, the default option is always a good choice for beginners. As a convention in Unix systems,US-swapThe Caps Lock and CTRL keys are exchanged for the keyboard type.
- Select your Ethernet chip
You will be asked which one of the available Ethernet drivers you want to install (maybe there is no driver suitable for your Ethernet chip ). Select one from the options.
- Basic installation or full installation?
If your hard disk space is insufficient, you can chooseMFor minimum installation. The minimum installation will install all the binary code, but the installed source code only contains the operating system, and does not include the command source code. 50 MB space is sufficient to install a minimum system. If you have 1 GB or more space, you can selectFComplete installation.
- Create or select a partition to install minix 3
First, you will be asked if you are an expert in minix 3 hard disk partitioning. If yes, you will be introduced into the part program, which will give you full permission to edit the Master Guide record (and also give you enough rope to hold your own ). If you are not an expert, press the Enter key to perform the default operation. It is a guiding program that will take you step by step to format partitions for minix 3.4.1:Select a partition to install minix 3
An IDE controller can have up to four hard disks. The setup script looks for all hard disks and ignores any error messages. Select one of the listed hard disks and confirm your selection. If you have two hard drives and you decide to install minix 3 on the second hard disk, but the system has encountered a problem starting from the hard disk, please refer to www.minix3.org/doc/using2disks.html for a solution.
4.2:Select a disk Region
Select a region to install minix 3. You have three options:
(1) Select an idle area
(2) Select a partition to overwrite
(3) Delete a partition to free up space and merge it into adjacent free space.
If you select option (1) or (2), enter the region number. If you select (3), Type
Delete
Then, enter a region number when asked. This region will be overwritten and the previous content will be lost forever.
4.3:Confirm your selection
Once you confirm it, you will not be able to go back. You will be asked if you are willing to continue. If you choose to continue, data in the selected region will be lost forever. If you are sure that your operations are correct, type:YesThen press Enter. If you want to exit the installation script without changing the partition table, press Ctrl-C.
- Reinstallation options
If you select an existing minix 3 partition, In this step, you can choose to erase all the data in the partition for full installation or will not affect you/HomeDirectory partition reinstall. This design means that you can store your personal files in/HomeDirectory, and reload the updated version of minix 3 as needed without losing your personal files.
- Select the/home directory size
Selected partitions are divided into three subpartitions:Root,/Usr, And/Home. The last sub-partition is used to store your personal files. Specify the size of the/home partition based on the size of the file you want to store. You will be asked to confirm your choice.
- Select the block sizeThe system supports disk block sizes of 1-kb, 2-kb, 4-kb, and 8-kb. However, to use disk blocks larger than 4 kb, you must modify the constants and recompile the system. If your memory is 16 MB or more, use the default value (4 kb). Otherwise, use 1 kb.
- Waiting for Bad Block Detection
The installation script will scan each partition to find bad disk blocks. This takes several minutes, and a large partition may take 10 minutes or more. Please be patient. If you are absolutely sure there are no bad blocks, you can tap the CTRL-C to exit the scanner.
- Waiting for file copying
When the scan is complete, the file is automatically copied from the CD-ROM to the hard disk. After each file is copied, it is declared. After the file is copied, minix 3 is installed. Run the following command to shut down the system:Shutdown
Because minix 3 saves some files in RAM disk during runtime, please use this method to disable minix 3 during Shutdown to copy the files back to the hard disk, this prevents data loss.
10. Reset
System, And then install the X-Windows package # Packman
