School laboratory large and small equipment, network environment, although not complex, but also more complex than the home, when practicing practiced hand bar, just write some articles, lest later the laboratory network no one tube. So let's start with the DHCP configuration!
What is 1.DHCP and what is the use of
Dhcp,dynamic Host config Protocol, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is a network protocol used in LAN, based on UDP, the server port number is 67, the client is the 68,ipv6 version of 546, Because IPV6 in the laboratory on this side of the device can not support the normal, so here is not specifically about IPV6 related content.
Plainly speaking, DHCP is actually to the LAN in the host allocation of some network configuration information, which contains the most common routers, gateways, DNS, subnet mask, etc., with the DHCP automatic allocation, the burden of network administrators will be reduced many, IP, mask, DNS do not manually go to a single set, And can be in the IP address of the network to certain management.
Here's an idiot to ask, why configure these network information, that is, configure IP, mask, DNS, gateway, etc.? The answer is very simple, because not worthy you can not go to the net, do not deserve you can not group LAN, you can not open cs!
2.IP address, DNS, Gateway, mask Literacy
Ip:internet Protocol, network protocol, IP address nature is the network protocol address, with this address, in order to carry out basic networking, the equivalent of you bought a suite, and then to you affixed the number, others can find your home. Dns:domain Name System, domain name systems, access to sites on the network, are actually access to the IP address, but access to the IP address is certainly inconvenient, such as 202.117.128.8, ordinary people do not have to remember the IP address to visit the site, everyone for convenience, will visit such as baidu.com domain name, DNS has appeared, DNS is to convert the domain name to an IP address. Gateways: Gateway, the simple point is to connect two different networks between the levels, the gateway in the local area network usually in the router or the presence of a routing protocol, the popular one is "split network." Mask: Speaking of masks, you have to talk about the division of subnets and subnets, now the IP using CIDR to divide the subnet, IP address and subnet mask bitwise phase, the results can be represented by the Division and definition of subnets.
3. Network topology Analysis
The above is the lab's internal network topology, relatively simple, three servers in two are mainly used for network sharing, a dedicated download, the main server under more devices, namely 222.24.52.173 server, Intranet ip:172.20.0.1, mask 255.255.0.0, this server also dragged 4 switches, 4 switches cascade connection, mainly for the lab's internal PC, 2 wireless routers, Network services for Mac and other mobile devices. Because the two servers used for network sharing are in static DHCP mode, the assigned IP is fixed, so at most, more than 250 IPs are allocated. The secondary server is mainly used to share the internet pressure on the primary server, only one wireless router is dragged, and there is no switch, only wireless network connection service is provided.
Configuration of 4.DHCP
Now that you have basically built the layout of the network, all you have to do is configure it on the server. Because of the relatively poor stability of Windows Server 2003 R2 and Windows Server R2, three servers use the Windows Server R2 operating system.
The first step is to configure a fixed IP address for the internal NICTo enable the DHCP service, you must manually configure a fixed IP address for the network card that is connected to the internal network (that is, networks that require DHCP services). Tip: It's a good idea to rename the network card to differentiate between intranet and extranet network cards, as shown in the WAN and LAN:
Next, select the intranet network card, in the attribute to specify a fixed LAN IP address, this address must be within the following range: ①10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255②172.16.0.0~ 172.31.255.255③192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255 these three IP segments are referred to as the intranet IP address segment, is the reserved address in the IPV4, can be used to configure the LAN, but in order not to conflict with the router, it is recommended to select the IP address of the ① and ② segments.
Once determined, the DHCP IP address is configured.
The second step is to add a role to the server:First Open Server Manager, add roles,
Depending on your needs, you can choose to install the relevant roles, here I installed DHCP, network policy and access services and file services, the following describes their basic use of three:
①DHCP: Provides DHCP services, such as assignment of IP addresses, allocation of DNS, and the ability to manage IP address assignment policies, such as assigning fixed IP addresses, or excluding certain IP addresses.
② Network Policy and access services: Provide VPN, NAT, routing and other services, is a higher level of network services, relatively complex, and general and DHCP, DNS and so on combined use.
③ File Services: Primarily file-sharing services. Today we mainly describe the configuration of DHCP. And then all the way next, of course, in the step-by-step tips to do some basic configuration, but if you feel uncomfortable, it is casually configured, and then the next step, and so all completed and then detailed configuration.
WINS is basically not configured, that is, the use of
When you add a role, you can create a simple and usable scope directly.
Disable IPV6 stateless mode if the IPV6 network is not healthy or not available
After the information is checked correctly, click Install to complete
step three, create scopes, enable DHCP, locate DHCP in Administrative Tools, open and right-click in IPv4, create a new scope
Where the name and description can be arbitrarily specified
Next, you need to determine the IP segment you need to allocate, set the IP address range, if the calculated subnet mask and the length of the result is incorrect or not meet the requirements, please modify it yourself! The correspondence between the subnet mask and the IP address, see computer network or network engineer related books.
Down, if you want the DHCP server to not assign an IP address, you need to add an exclusion range, configure, DHCP will not assign IP addresses between 172.20.1.100~172.20.1.150
The lease period is the expiry date of the IP address, which requires the client to re-lease the IP address or regain a different IP address. Windows default lease period is 8 hours, if the client in the network time is uncertain, or liquidity is very large, such as the public Wi-Fi Mall, there is no need to give the client an immutable IP address, and in the lab fixed desktop, assigned to their fixed IP address, Instead, it facilitates access and testing of other devices.
Next need to set up the router, that is, the default gateway above, because the server inside the lab is also playing the gateway, DHCP identity, so I configure the default gateway as a native IP, how to build a gateway, and so I next article talk about it! Next, in the specified area, add some DNS server address, it is recommended to add some more, in case the DNS hangs, and preferably the closest, most stable DNS server IP address in the first place, and then by the stability and speed of descending, DNS service IP can be searched on the Internet, all over the same, It is best not to use too far away, in order to prevent the impact of domain name resolution speed, thus affecting the speed of website access.
Come down to the next step, after the completion of the DHCP configuration is basically completed, the rest is from the address lease list to observe the IP address situation, when needed to clean up or do a reservation processing.
Well, the basic configuration of DHCP on Windows Server is here, because the DHCP configuration of the Windows system is basically similar, here is not the 2003 and 2012 examples, play on their own out!
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