The golden rule of PCB design that never changes

Although semiconductor integration is becoming increasingly high, many applications also have ready-to-use on-chip systems, while many powerful and out-of-the-box boards are becoming more accessible, but many use cases of electronic products still require the use of custom PCBs. In one-off development, even a common PCB can play a very important role. The PCB is the physical platform for the design and the most flexible component for the design of electronic systems for the original components.

This article will introduce several PCB design golden rules, these laws since the 25 commercial PCB design since the birth, mostly without any change, and widely used in a variety of PCB design projects, whether it is young electronic design engineers or more mature circuit board manufacturers, have a great guiding role.

The following sections describe the 10 most effective design principles that electronic design engineers should keep in mind and practice when using design software for PCB layout design and commercial manufacturing. Engineers do not need to follow these rules in order of time or relative importance, and they can change the design of a product substantially, simply by following them all.

Rule one: Select the correct grid-set and always use the grid spacing that matches the most components. Although multi-grid appears to be significant, engineers can think more about the PCB layout design at the beginning, and can avoid problems when setting the interval and maximize the application of the board. Since many devices are available in a variety of package sizes, engineers should use the products that are best for their design. In addition, polygons are critical for board deposition, and multi-grid boards typically produce polygon fill deviations when they are applied to a polygon, although not as standard as a single mesh, but can provide a longer circuit board life than required.

Rule two: Keep the shortest path the most direct. This sounds simple, but should always be kept in mind at every stage, even if it means changing the board layout to optimize the wiring length. This is also particularly applicable to the system performance is always partially limited by the impedance and parasitic effects of the analog and high-speed digital circuit.

Rule three: Use the power layer as much as possible to manage the distribution of power and ground lines. The Power layer copper deposit is a quick and easy choice for most PCB design software. By sharing a large number of wires together, the most efficient and minimum impedance or voltage drop current is guaranteed, providing ample ground return paths. If possible, you can also run multiple power lines in the same area of the board, confirming that the ground layer covers most of the layers of the PCB, which facilitates interaction between the lines running on the adjacent layers.

Rule four: Group the related components together with the required test points. For example, the discrete components required for the Opamp op amp are placed closer to the device so that the bypass capacitor and resistor can collaborate with each other, helping to optimize the wiring lengths mentioned in Rule two, while also making testing and fault detection easier.

Rule five: Repeat the PCB imposition on the required board repeatedly on another larger board. Choosing the size that best suits the equipment used by the manufacturer can help reduce prototyping and manufacturing costs. First, board layout on the panel, contact the board manufacturer to obtain their preferred size specifications for each panel, then modify your design specifications and try to repeat your design several times within these panel sizes.

Rule VI: Integrate component values. As a designer, you will select some component values or high or low, but with the same performance as discrete components. By consolidating within a smaller standard value range, you simplify the bill of materials and potentially reduce costs. If you have a range of PCB products based on your preferred device values, it's also better for you to make the right inventory management decisions in the longer term.

Rule VII: Perform design rule checking (DRC) as much as possible. While it takes a short time to run the DRC feature on the PCB software, in a more complex design environment, you can save a lot of time as long as you always perform checks during the design process, which is a good habit to keep. Each cabling decision is critical, and by executing the DRC you are always prompted for the most important cabling.

Rule eight: Flexible use of screen printing. Screen printing can be used to annotate a variety of useful information for future use by board manufacturers, service or test engineers, installers, or equipment debuggers. Not only clearly marked functions and test point labels, but also the direction of the components and connectors as much as possible, even if the notes are printed on the surface of the components used on the board (after the board is assembled). Full application of screen printing technology on the upper and lower surface of the board can reduce duplication and streamline production processes.

Rule nine: Required decoupling capacitor. Do not attempt to optimize your design by avoiding decoupling the power cord and depending on the limit values in the Component data table. The capacitors are inexpensive and rugged, and you can spend as much time as possible to assemble the capacitors while complying with rule six, using a standard range of values to keep the inventory tidy.

Rule ten: Generate PCB manufacturing parameters and verify before submitting to production. While most board manufacturers are happy to download and check for you directly, it is best to export the Gerber file first, and use the free viewer to verify that it is the same as expected to avoid misunderstandings. By checking in person, you may even find some careless errors, and therefore avoid the loss of production by the wrong parameters.

As the circuit design is shared more and more widely, and the internal team relies more and more on the reference design, similar basic rules will still be a feature of the printed circuit board design, we believe this is very important for PCB design. With these basic rules in place, developers have the flexibility to increase the value of their products and derive maximum benefit from the boards they manufacture. Even new to the circuit board design, just keep these basic rules in mind to speed up the learning process and increase confidence.

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The golden rule of PCB design that never changes