Which layer of layer-7 protocol are the relay, Hub, bridge, switch, router, and gateway?

Q: repeater,Hub,Bridge, Vswitches, routers,GatewayInLayer-7 protocolWhich layers?

A:Repeater, Hub:-layer 1st (Physical Layer)

Bridge and switch: Layer 3 (data link layer)

Vro: Layer 3 (NetworkLayer)

Gateway: Not a device!

What is a gateway? As we all know, walking from one room to another must go through one door. Similarly, sending information from one network to another must go through a "Gateway", which is the gateway. As the name implies, a gateway is the "Gateway" for a network to connect to another network ". In OSI, there are two types of gateways: connection-oriented gateways and connectionless gateways. When there is a certain distance between two subnets, a gateway is often divided into two halves, and a link is used in the middle to connect. We call it a half gateway.

Repeater at the physical layer,

The Hub is on the physical layer,

L2 switches are in the data connection region,

The layer-3 switch is at the network layer,

The bridge is in the data connection,

The gateway is at the network layer,

The vro is at the network layer. The vswitch has a bridging effect and the vro has a gateway effect.