Windows-based IPv6 experiment

[PURPOSE]
Master the installation and uninstallation of IPv6 protocol stack in Windows XP; learn about the support of IPv6 protocol in Windows XP.
[Technical principle]
-IPv6 address
The IPv4 address is in a format similar to a. B .c.d, which is a 32-bit address. It is divided into four segments and expressed in decimal format;
The IPv6 address is in the format of X: X. It is a 128-bit IPv6 address, which is divided into 8 segments and expressed in hexadecimal notation.
Example: 2001: 0da8: 8000: 6081: 0001: 0000: 0000: 0001
To simplify the expression, rfc2373 proposes that the first 0 in each segment can be omitted, and the continuous 0 can be omitted as ":", but only once. The preceding example is: 2001: da8: 8000: 6081: 1: 1.
An IPv6 address is divided into two parts: the subnet prefix and interface identifier. Therefore, it can be expressed as an address with an additional value in a way similar to a CIDR address, the value indicates the number of bits in the address that represent the network part (network prefix). That is, the IPv6 Node Address indicates the prefix length. The length is distinguished by a slash between the IPv6 address and the IPv6 address. For example: 2001: 1/64. The prefix length used for routing in this address is 64-bit.
-Different types of IPv6 unicast addresses
-Global Address: similar to a public IPv4 address. The global address is globally accessible in the IPv6 section of the Internet. The address usually starts with "2" or "3.
-Local link address: similar to the IPv4 automatic private IP address (apipa) address (169.254.0.0/16), the local link address is used for a specific link, it usually starts with "fe80.
-Local site address: similar to a dedicated IPv4 address, the local site address is used for the enterprise's intranet and can be reused for different sites of the enterprise. It usually starts with "FEC", "Fed", "weight", or "FEF. The local site address is not recommended for RFC 3879.
-IPv6 addresses with IPv4 addresses: expressed in a hybrid manner, that is, X: D. d. d. d, where X represents a 1 6-digit integer, and D represents an 8-digit decimal integer. For example, IP address 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 192. 168. 168. 1 is a valid IPv6 address. This address can also be expressed as: 192. 168. 168. 1
-Local link address
By default, the IPv6 protocol of Windows XP configures a local link address for each interface corresponding to the installed Ethernet Adapter. Its prefix is fe80:/64. The last 64 bits of an IPv6 address are called interface identifiers. It is derived from the 48-bit MAC address adapted to the network:
Insert the hexadecimal number 0xff-fe into the third and fourth bytes of the MAC address;
Complement the second low position of the first byte of the MAC address (if it is 1, it will be set to 0; if it is 0, it will be set to 1 ).
For example, the MAC address is 00-60-08-52-f9-d8:
-Insert the hexadecimal 0xff-fe value into the 0x08 (third byte) and 0x52 (fourth byte) of the MAC address, forming a 64-bit address 00-60-08-ff-fe-52-f9-d8.
The second low position of-0x00 is 0, which is changed to 1 after the complement code is obtained. The result is that the first byte 0x00 is changed to 0x02.
-The corresponding interface identifier is 02-60-08-ff-fe-52-f9-d8.
The local link address of the sample node is fe80: 260: 8ff: fe52: f9d8 with the prefix fe80:/64 and the interface identifier 02-60-08-ff-fe-52-f9-d8.
-After the IPv6 protocol is installed, the local link address of fe80:/10 is automatically configured for a single link, which can be automatically discovered by an adjacent machine, which is equivalent to an IPv4 LAN, you can do research experiments on IPv6.
-Windows XP does not support the IPv6 protocol by default, but the system integrates the IPv6 function module through the ipv6.sys file. You can install and activate the function if necessary. There are two ways to install the IPv6 protocol stack in Windows: Command Line Mode and window operation.

[Lab device]
Dual-protocol stack PC (1 unit), direct connection (1 unit)
[Experiment topology]

Tutorial steps:
1. Install IPv6 on the host
Enter: C:> IPv6 install at the command prompt
2. Various IPv6 commands
IPv6 if! View the local link address and corresponding interface number
Ipconfig/all! Displays the complete TCP/IP configuration information for all adapters.
Display Information Description:
Ethernet Adapter network lab:
Description ......: RealTek rtl8168c (P)/8111c (p) Family PCI-E GBE Nic
Physical address ......: 00-25-64-e9-9e-8f
DHCP enabled...
...
IP address ......: fe80: 225: 64ff: fee9: 9e8f % 5! Local link address. The interface ID is 5.
DNS servers ......: fec0: 0: FFFF: 1% 2! Known unicast addresses of the three DNS servers
Fec0: 0: 0: FFFF: 2% 2
Fec0: 0: 0: FFFF: 3% 2
Ethernet Adapter local connection 2:
Description ......: RealTek rtl8139 family PCI Fast Ethernet NIC
Physical address ......: 50-78-82-82-5f-d4
DHCP enabled...
IP address ......: 192.168.2.13
Subnet Mask ......: 255.255.255.0
IP address ......: fe80: 5278: 82ff: fe82: 5fd4% 6! Local link address, interface id6
Default Gateway ......: 192.168.2.254
DNS servers ......: 202.120.2.101
Fec0: 0: 0: FFFF: 1% 1
Fec0: 0: 0: FFFF: 2% 1
Fec0: 0: 0: FFFF: 3% 1

Tunnel adapter Teredo tunneling pseudo-Interface :! Tunnel adapter Teredo tunnel Virtual Interface
TEREDO: the IPv6 conversion technology that sends IPv4-encapsulated IPv6 packets through the network address converter (NAT. For this host, Teredo is not active. Only the tunnel Virtual Interface is assigned a local link address and Interface ID 4.
Description ......: Teredo tunneling pseudo-Interface
Physical address ......: FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
...
IP address ......: fe80: FFFF: fffd % 4

Tunnel adapter automatic tunneling pseudo-Interface :! Tunnel adapter automatic tunnel Virtual Interface
Isatap: ipv6 conversion technology that sends IPv4-encapsulated IPv6 data packets over the Intranet. Description ......: automatic tunneling pseudo-interfac
Physical address ......: C0-A8-A8-0D
...
IP address ......: fe80: 5efe: 192.168.168.13% 2! Local link address, interface Id2

Ping6: 1! Check whether the local loopback address responds.
IPv6 NC! View neighbor Cache
Ping6 fe80: 225: xxxx: XXXX % 5! For another local link address of the same host group in ping6, the interface ID must be added.
Ping6 fe80: 5278: xxxx: XXXX % 6! Another network card
IPv6 RC! View route Cache

[Note]
After the IPv6 protocol stack is installed, there are four default network interfaces for one network adapter, interface 1 is used for the loopback interface, interface 2 is used for the automatic tunnel Virtual Interface, and interface 3 is used for the 6to4 tunnel Virtual Interface, interface 4 is used for normal network connection interfaces, that is, unicast interfaces of IPv6 addresses. If there are multiple NICs, there are other interfaces.
1. Activate IPv6
By default, the IPv6 traffic forwarding function of a Cisco device is disabled. You must first enable the IPv6 traffic forwarding function.
(1) Enable the IPv6 traffic forwarding function
R1 (config) # IPv6 unicast-Routing
2. configure a normal IPv6 address
(1) configure a normal IPv6 address under the interface
R1 (config) # int F0/0
R1 (config-If) # IPv6 address 2011: 1: 2: 3: 1: 1: 1: 1/64
Note: The first 64-bit configured address is the network address, that is, 2011: 1: 2: 3; the last 64-bit is the master location, that is, 1: 1: 1: 1.
(2) view the IPv6 address of the interface
R1 # Show IPv6 interface brief F0/0
Fastethernet0/0 [up/Up]
Fe80: C200: eff: feb0: 0
2011: 1: 2: 3: 1: 1: 1
R1 # R1 #
Note: You can see that the interface F0/0 has accepted the address we configured 2011: 1: 2: 3: 1: 1: 1: 1.

3. Configure static addresses in EUI-64 format:
(1) Configure IPv6 addresses that contain EUI-64
R1 (config) # int F0/1
R1 (config-If) # IPv6 address 2022: 2: 2: 22:/64 eui-64
(2) view the IPv6 address of the interface
R1 # Show interfaces F0/0
Fastethernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is gt96k Fe, address is c000.0eb0.0000 (BIA c000.0eb0.0000)

R1 # Show IPv6 interface brief F0/1
Fastethernet0/1 [up/Up]
Fe80: C200: eff: feb0: 1
2022: 2: 2: 22: C200: eff: feb0: 1
R1 #
(You can see that F0/1 successfully use the MAC address on the interface to fill the 64-bit EUI-64.

4. Only Enable interface IPv6
Note: An interface can only enable IPv6 without configuring IPv6 addresses.
(1) Enable interface IPv6
R1 (config) # int S1/0
R1 (config-If) # IPv6 enable
(2) view the IPv6 STATUS OF THE INTERFACE
R1 # Show IPv6 interface brief serial 1/0
Serial1/0 [up/Up]
Fe80: C200: eff: feb0: 0
R1 #
You can see that the interface S1/0 can only enable the IPv6 function, but the interface with the IPv6 function will automatically generate a local link address.

5. Configure the unnumbered address
When the address is insufficient, you can configure an interface to use the address of another interface. This address is called the unnumbered address. When a data packet is generated from the unnumbered interface, this interface uses the address of the borrowed interface as the source address. to configure this address, you must allow the cooperation of different network segment protocols.
(1) configure an unnumbered address for the interface
R1 (config) # int S1/1
R1 (config-If) # IPv6 unnumbered F0/0
(2) Check the IPv6 address of the interface.
R1 # Show IPv6 interface brief serial 1/1
Serial1/1 [up/Up]
Fe80: C200: eff: feb0: 0
Unnumbered (fastethernet0/0)
R1 #
Note: The result shows that the address F0/0 is used for interface S1/1.