Windows Server 2016 network Services (iii)

Early Domain name resolution: computer NetBIOS Name (15bit)

Physical Address (MAC)

Virtualization of

Inexpensive NIC

IP address: IP subnet =vlan (virtualization)

Method: Hosts file (IP address-computer name)

NetBIOS broadcast (Network discovery, WINS server)

Limitations: The main application of small-scale LAN & designated Servers

DNS Domain Name service: IP address and specified computer name

Query the corresponding IP address in the Internet&internal network with a simple name

Basic concepts: The interrelated database composition

A well-defined naming convention composition

Core composition: DNS Server (receive & initiate query), DNS database (DNS zone (maintain DNS information (records))), DNS network protocol (TCP53 (synchronous database), UDP53 (query))

DNS servers: Maintaining DNS zones (DNS databases)

Inquire

Query: Client initiated: Querying the IP address of a locally provisioned DNS server

Direct results: Query information is available in the specified DNS server local database

"Non-authoritative answer": The current result is a query from the DNS server to other DNS servers

Procedure: Local cache (IPCONFIG/DISPLAYDNS&FLUSHDNS)

Local Hosts file (etc\hosts)

Special applications

IP address of the DNS server in the network card settings

DNS Server queries: You can configure only the DNS Query service (cache DNS server), automatically cache query results for all internal users, manage the cache using DNS command-line tools for Management (DNSCMD)

Query method

Get query results directly by forwarding to a specified DNS server-recursive query-efficient-DNS Server Setup-Forwarder

After querying the root (root) DNS server for a hierarchical query-iterative query-result accuracy-dns server settings-root hints

Internal Computer Management:

Recording

Database type: Forward lookup (FQDN-IP address)

Reverse lookup (IP address-fqdn)

Forward lookup:

Primary zone: The current DNS server can read, write, and query all records in the database

Secondary zone: The current DNS server can read, query all records in the database-used to back up the role of the primary zone database on other DNS servers, and administrators can configure the secondary zone type database as the primary zone type database

Stub zone: Only information on the server that maintains the DNS database is saved in the database-when a complex DNS environment (parent-child domain, etc.)

AD Integration Zone: Targets the primary zone database, changing the location of the database for that zone from the original local path to the AD database

Main areas:

Subdomain: In the current primary zone-create a new logical space-named with the new name-and use the name of the current DNS zone as the suffix

Less internal configuration, in an out-of-network environment: the majority of the public DNS names requested are used in this way

Delegation: In the current primary zone-create a new logical space-the space is a separate DNS zone (database)-maintained by another DNS server-requires that the current DNS zone be delegated to the specified DNS server

On-Premises: when multiple AD domains

Extranet environment: Enterprises need to invest a lot of money to build their own DNS dedicated server to maintain the DNS database

Zone transfer: Defines the configuration of a primary zone (database) on a specified DNS server that is synchronized to a secondary zone (database) on a specified DNS server

Record Type: Information entry for the computer name and IP address in the DNS database

General Records:

A (host): Computer name-IP Address

Multiple different name host records use the same IP address

Multiple identical host records with different IP addresses (DNS polling)

CNAME (alias): Specify a different name for the host

NA (name server): information for servers that maintain the zone in the current DNS zone

SOA (authoritative): The primary configuration for the current DNS zone

Special records: Specific services used to describe a specified host

MX: Define a record for the specified host to provide the mail transport service

SRV record: Customizing specified services provided by the specified host

Service Information: Service Name, service agreement, service port number, host that provides the service

TXT: Description Record

SPF: Anti-phishing mail server records

DNS Name resolution:

GlobalNames zone: Used instead of NetBIOS name mode, requires administrator to manually configure and update manually

Split DNS: The internal DNS domain name is the same as the Internet domain name

Define internal DNS information that cannot be obtained by an extranet server user

Do not allow servers with ad-integrated DNS to allow Ineternet network queries directly

DNS Configuration

Server configuration-forwarding, root hints, advanced settings, definition logs

Aging \ Cleanup: Define the aging and scavenging cycles for automatic update records

Purge stale resource records: manual cleanup

Database configuration: Global configuration and zone transfer

Windows Server 2016 network Services (iii)