Real estate enters the reform window period: need not only control

Research on real estate market under the background of "New Deal" The topic was Xiaohui, Lishu, Zhanghong, Deng Weihua, Deng Huaning, Ye Feng, Ning, Hu Zuahua, and the real estate market is cooling rapidly with the introduction of a series of policies such as currency, land and tax control.　　Some experts and grass-roots cadres pointed out that this year will usher in the major reform of China's real estate industry "window period", so that real estate market return to the rational, should seize the opportunity to speed up the restructuring of the housing industry, establish and improve the multi-level construction, supply and security system, promote our housing policy to achieve fairness and efficiency of the balance.　　Efficiency and equity imbalance real estate reform imminent reporter in the investigation, many experts and grass-roots cadres pointed out that high prices have evolved into prominent social contradictions, showing that the real estate market more than 10 years of rapid development of scale has been deep, to the more than 10 years of China's real estate market development for the overall reflection, the reform direction. Guangzhou, deputy director of the Land and Housing Bureau Huang Wenpo that the current contradictions around the real estate is the efficiency and fairness of how to balance the problem. 1998 years ago in the 50, the State on the housing issue is the administrative, welfare, planning allocation of the road, but there are low construction efficiency, housing shortage and other outstanding problems. Guangzhou, for example, 1949 per capita living area of 4.5 square meters, to 1998 also only 11.55 square meters, 50 years time increased 7 square meters. From 1998 onwards, the state began to implement market-oriented, monetization housing distribution system reform.　　Housing reform for more than more than 10 years, effectively solve the problem of efficiency, a sample survey shows that the Guangzhou urban household population of 86.5% of households have their own property rights, 2008 Guangzhou per capita living area reached 20.46 square meters, compared to 1998 increased 8.9 square meters. Huang Wenpo that the real estate market in the past more than 10 years is full of efficiency-oriented, and its rapid development has also effectively launched the local economic growth, but the real estate should also have the people's livelihood-oriented and fair-oriented is neglected.　　How to solve the equity problem in the allocation of housing resources is the field that the real estate reform needs to be further deepened, the "visible hand" intervention and regulation should be strengthened to make up the defect of the market mechanism. Many grassroots cadres and experts believe that in the long-term pursuit of the Government G D p development, social long-term commercialization of the gradual process, the real estate problem has accumulated a lot of social and economic deep-seated contradictions, real estate reform imminent. Shenzhen, director of the Urban Operations center of the Academy of Social Sciences, Haiyan that in order to solve problems in a confused and confusing situation, we must take two steps to solve the problem, first of all, we should resolve the stage problem with strong means, on the one hand, to control the demand by strong credit control,　　On the one hand, the strong executive power to promote the land quickly into the development cycle and ensure the order of housing sales. "Tangible hand" cracked housing supply "structural imbalance" Guangdong Province Real Estate Association president Cai that, because housing has both the livelihood and commodity dual attributes, in any country, housing can be divided into commercial housing and public housing two DepartmentsIn the past more than 10 years, the development of China's real estate market has stressed the need to solve the housing demand through the market, but the excessive debts in the public housing sector, resulting in a serious "structural imbalance" in the supply of housing. At present, the State stressed to increase the construction of affordable housing and investment efforts, many experts and grass-roots cadres believe that this is to change the housing "structural imbalance" of long-term measures, but from policy formulation, implementation measures, the sound of laws and regulations need to be further improved, so that the masses clearly expected to enhance the trust in public housing policy. Guangzhou, deputy director of the Land and Housing Bureau Huang Wenpo that the current state real estate policy should be more clear-cut, should emphasize the market regulation and government control to solve the problem of housing contradictions, efficiency problems through the market, efficiency based on the fairness of the Government should give necessary and reasonable intervention,　　Different income groups should implement differentiated housing supply system. In fact, since 2007, everywhere accelerated the exploration of housing construction and supply, the reporter in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and other places to understand that at present, compared to low-income class and high-income class, the middle income class housing problem is the most obscure part of the housing policy system around. Guangzhou, deputy director of land and Housing Authority Huang Wenpo that, from the social income stratum structure, about the entire population of the 60%--80% of the middle-income class is not only the absolute main housing consumption, but also the most concerned about house prices, the most affected by housing prices, the most opinion of the group.　　But to the income stratum's high and low poles, the housing question adopts the marketization and the safeguard strategy respectively to solve, it is easy to know and easy to do, but the housing problem of middle income sandwich class involves the boundary problem of market regulation and government regulation, it is necessary to grasp the "degree" of regulation scientifically and rationally, so that regulation can neither hurt market efficiency nor balance fairness. In view of the "sandwich layer" housing demand, all over the country are exploring solutions, but the reporter found that there is a general ambiguity in positioning, lack of systemic problems. Some experts and grass-roots cadres suggested that the solution to the "sandwich layer" housing problem should focus on three aspects: one is to increase the construction of public rental housing, the government must not only have land reserves and housing reserves, to meet certain conditions of household and non-household registration of middle-income class to provide the most basic housing security; The second is to improve the policy of commodity leasing, The current commodity leasing market is chaotic, this is also to force some middle-income groups to squeeze into the commercial housing market, the important reason, should make policy to encourage a large number of stock room into the rental circulation market, guide the masses "rent" consumption habits; third, to increase ordinary housing construction, strict implementation of the state's "90/70" policy requirements,　　Over the past year, this policy has been in its place in many places, and it is imperative to strengthen enforcement efforts in the areas of land supply, market supervision and so on, and resolutely rectify the fallacy and unhealthy trend of "building houses for the rich". Real estate industry: more reform than regulation in the research, grassroots a more general view is that in the long run, the real estate industry needs more reform than regulation, promote the transformation of real estate industry and return to rationality, must break the cause of real estate crazyCornerstone, some fundamental institutional issues need to be speeded up and pushed forward in order to gradually resolve them. The first is to change the situation that the Government has a single centralized monopoly and land supply is tense. Beijing Huayuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. chairman and general manager Ren Zhiqiang said, leading to high land price is the main reason for the government monopoly land resources are scarce, our country since July 2002 to promote the total land recruitment system, 2003 years after the rapid decline in land supply, 2006 the central Government proposed to increase supply to regulate prices, 2007 land supply is increasing, but the second half of the year began to "double protection" (prevent overheating and inflation) 2008 land trading volume has become negative, 2009 land trading volume is down 18%. Professor Jia Senghua, director of the Real Estate Research center of Zhejiang University, believes that the government's monopoly of land supply and commercial housing market is stimulated by demand, which leads to the interactive rise of land price, which is not solved, and the healthy development of real estate industry is difficult to realize.　　It is necessary to change the system of construction land by government supply, to allow and promote the rural collective lands to enter the market, and to explore the ways such as the market principal agreement to sell land in the city level, to realize "multiple taps". Second, pilot and levy a property tax as soon as possible to resolve the local government's excessive reliance on "land finance". Xiaosu, chairman of China Real Estate Development Group, said that since the reform of tax-sharing system in 1994, local finance had to be compensated by monopoly land resources. Now the city is heavily dependent on the "land finance", and the total price of land transfer in 2009 is over 1.5 trillion yuan, "to make money" become the important income of local finance, prompting the city to expand the scope of land acquisition and development, not to expand the sale of land can not support the financial.　　Without solving the problem of where the local government's revenue comes from, there is no way to change the problems arising from "land for Wealth". Third, speeding up urban and rural reform, so that farmers with "land ticket" into town. Beijing Huayuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. chairman and general manager Ren Zhiqiang believes that in recent years the real estate industry many deformity development phenomenon originates in the urban and rural area to co-ordinate the question, the housing price rises rapidly the city basically all is the national population input land, the population output land is no person buys, the local government must rely on the investment attracting the developer to develop, the land surplus , and prices are not up.　　But the large population of "Beijing-Guangzhou-Shanghai" and other cities are still mainly in accordance with the hukou population allocation of land, resource allocation lags far behind the needs of social development. 30 years of reform and opening-up, China's urbanization rate from 1978 to 17.9% rose to 2009 years of 44.9%, 200 million farmers to the city, the next 30 years will also have 400 million farmers into the city, this is the rapid development of urbanization in China's real estate industry facing the most core contradictions, we must rely on urban and rural integrated reform can be cracked. Xiaosu, chairman of China Real Estate Development Group, thinks that a system can be used to convert the homestead of the peasants in the city into a kind of construction land voucher, so that the peasant family takes the "land ticket" into the city, and "The ticket" can be changed into a small type of housing, plusThe social security of a family, this can from the urban and rural construction and development of the overall situation, to achieve the rational allocation of land resources and integrated utilization. Real Estate "One industry alone big" three "unsustainable" to aggravate the risk recently, the country's adjustment measures for the real estate market stepped into effect, a period of time since some urban housing prices soared, speculative investment in the situation is expected to be curbed. But the reporter recently in the first-line City survey, many grassroots cadres and experts still on the real estate market development expressed concern, the current real estate industry "one industry alone" has caused great distress to China's economic and social livelihood, hope that the central government's short-term regulation of the real estate market can be combined with long-term reform, with this regulation as an opportunity,　　The painful determination to abolish the real estate Suping, otherwise the real estate market adjustment, the loosening vicious circle will seriously drag the Chinese economy society the long-term healthy development. Economic over-reliance on real estate risk in the current, some local economic dependence on real estate, G D p growth mainly rely on real estate, revenue mainly rely on land management income, bank income and asset quality mainly rely on real estate mortgage loans, real estate industry has even become the economic lifeline of some cities.　　According to the data released by the China Index Institute of Real Estate Research institutions, the 2009 national land market transactions were very active, ranked in the top 20 urban land transfer gold amounted to more than 800 billion yuan, an increase of 160% year-on-year, many urban land transfer income as the main source of urban construction. Even in the Midwest, land transfer and real estate taxes contribute equally enormously to local finance. The reporter from Inner Mongolia Finance Department, local Tax Bureau, Bureau of Statistics and other departments to understand that 2009, the local revenue of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region is 137.81 billion yuan, of which the total income of land transfer is about 24.6 billion yuan. The entire autonomous region's farmland occupation tax, the real estate enterprise income tax, the property tax and so on with the land, the real estate industry direct correlation tax total amount approximately 8.6 billion yuan, the construction enterprise that year realizes the tax 37.5.2 billion yuan.　　If combined with other industries such as steel, cement and glass, the real estate industry contributes more to local finance. On the other hand, because the real estate industry profits far higher than other industries, all kinds of enterprises have turned to real estate development. After the "two sessions" this year, although the real estate control measures have been introduced, but there are still central enterprises constantly into the field of real estate development, "The King of Central Enterprises" has become the focus of public opinion. In fact, the central enterprises only because of its special status and much attention, in addition to the central enterprises, other funds in recent years has been surging into the field of real estate development. such as in recent years to change the real estate of the listed companies significantly increased, according to statistics, 2005 to date, nearly 40 listed companies from the original main industry to switch to real estate, accounting for the current number of real estate listed companies 35%.　　And on the performance of listed companies ' gross profit, the real estate industry performance is most outstanding, since 2005 gross profit margin for five consecutive years more than 30%. Guangdong Province Real Estate industry association about 2010 years of real estate market boom analysis pointed out that a large number of hot money and investors poured into the real estate market speculation, aggravated the formation of asset bubbles in the real estate market, at the same time to the real economy should be invested in a large number of credit to the property sector, the development of the physical economy extrusion effect For the "Building for all" phenomenon, has repeatedly been persuaded to invest in real estate in Zhejiang Bao Enterprise Group Chairman Wu Liangding said, the real estate hot several big problems, one is the enterprise values have broken, the second is the social and economic chain broke, the third is to make a bad atmosphere.　　Real estate is like drug addiction, the real estate to engage in the main business is not interested. Land tight constraint obvious resource shortage unsustainable in this round of price rises, some cities appear queuing up to buy, scalping and other phenomena, in addition to investment speculative demand surplus, the relative shortage of commercial housing is also an important reason.　　Some grass-roots cadres and ordinary consumers said that the land is more people are the basic conditions of our country, especially in coastal parts of the city, land resources have reached the point of scarcity, if not change the development model, the phenomenon in coastal cities will continue to spread to the mainland. The most obvious Shenzhen of land tight constraint, the current new construction land nearly exhausted, in recent years, the supply of commercial housing continues to be tight, resulting in the scale of commercial housing development continued to decline. According to the Shenzhen Real Estate Research Center data, the city's new construction area of commercial housing, completed area, approved pre-sale area from 2004 to 2009 continued to fall, respectively, fell 5 7, 6 5, 41%. At the same time, as the housing consumption continues to escalate, the demand for commercial housing continues to flourish, the total sales of new and second-hand commercial housing in Shenzhen increased by 54% from 2004 to 2009, resulting in a more prominent housing market structural supply and demand contradictions, and inevitably produced a rapid rise in house prices, market volatility, The increase in investment speculation and so on.　　2009 Shenzhen Commodity housing prices from 2004 per square metre of 5980 yuan, rose to 14858 yuan, up to 144%, 2009 the fourth quarter of the Shenzhen house price breakthrough per square meter 20,000 yuan, high ranking the top city of the country. Shanghai, a big city and a small suburb, also faces a serious contradiction between supply and demand for land resources.　　Shanghai Municipal Development and Reform Commission deputy Director Shorin, the end of 2008, Shanghai construction land reached 2860 square kilometers, 2020 of the planning target is 281 square kilometers, that is, from 2009 to 2020, only 121 square kilometers of construction land available, according to the existing input structure and development mode, soon no available. On the one hand, land shortage, and on the other hand, "land finance" the real interests of the local government to save, intensive use of land enthusiasm. Real estate folk observers, Shenzhen Shannon Information Consulting Co., Ltd. General manager Yin Shangwu said, now the local government is "ostrich", some places clearly within 10 years have been no use, still can not stop the impulse to sell, because the local G D p growth, performance assessment are dependent on the sale of land, and the temporary prosperity of the real estate industry to support. Harmonious cost and great hardship of people's livelihood in the wake of soaring housing prices, property is rapidly increasing the gap between the rich and poor. Former vice president of Zhejiang Provincial Real Estate Association, Zhu Yuping, deputy general manager of Zhejiang Electromechanical Group Co., Ltd. said that as house prices rose far more than bank interest rates and price increases, resulting in "Matthew effect" ——— the sooner they buy a house, buy more, buy high-priced housing, the faster the wealth growth, and some groups, such as rural to urban workers,　　The urban poor and the young people who have just joined the workforce are squeezed out of the housing market, and the gap between the rich and the poor, which is caused by housing, is widening. Take Shenzhen For example, residents in the housing sector has serious hardship, according to the Shenzhen Real Estate Research Center survey, accounting for 26% of the city's permanent resident population housing conditions are very good, such as the original villagers per capita residential building area reached 388 square meters, housing own rate of 99%, the residential area of resident migrants per capita housing floor is 26 square Housing ownership rate of 70%, but the city's resident population of 74% of the non-permanent population and not included in the statistics of nearly 4 million non-registered floating population living level is very poor, per capita housing construction area of only 10 square meters and 6 square meters. This kind of living poor quality of social groups, accounting for the city's actual total population of 82%, a large number.　　Because of the quality of the commercial rental of a relatively small amount of rental, high rents, it is estimated that Shenzhen city more than 3 million of the resident population and nearly 4 million of the floating population, mainly through the rental of lower rents, security and poor environment of the city of private homes or supporting the poor dormitory settlement problem. Real estate has become one of the most concentrated areas of people's grievances. Guangzhou, deputy director of the Land and Housing Authority Huang Wenpo that at present, some disharmony and unreasonable phenomenon in housing problem, which is basically fairness, is the problem of "polarization" of the allocation of housing resources, and the allocation of housing resources depends entirely on the amount of individual assets, without discrimination, it will inevitably result in the possession of more resources and Some people have little or no resources to share, and the common people are both less and less unequal.