ai learning algorithms

One of the top ten algorithms for Machine Learning: EM algorithm. One of the top 10, which makes people think Nb-rich. What is Nb? We generally say someone is Nb because he can solve problems that others cannot solve. Why God is God, because God can do things that many people cannot do. So what problems can the EM algorithm solve? Or the reason why the EM algorithm came to this world has attracted so many p

, it will be false. Obviously, if there is no exchange, the sorting is completed. Sample Code 2 (in C ): /*************************************** * ***************************** Author: li Bing Date: 2014-9-6 Email: [email protected] @ array: the pointer to the records @ num: the length of the records *********************************** * ********************************/void bubblesort (INT Array [], int num) {Int J, TMP; bool flag; flag = true; // the flag for judging the end of Bubble sortin

;numelements = rightend - lpos + 1;/*main loop*/while(lpos From the implementation of the algorithm given above, we can see that the time complexity is O (nlogn) for implementing the number of auxiliary spaces required for merging and sorting and waiting for records ). Compared with fast sorting and heap sorting, Merge Sorting is a stable sorting method. In addition, the Merge Sorting method mentioned above uses the recursive method. The recursive form is relatively simple, but its practicalit

* num2) {int TMP = * num1; * num1 = * num2; * num2 = TMP;} void selectsort (INT array [], int length) {If (array = NULL | L Ength Ii. Tree-based sorting (tournament sorting) Tree-based sorting is also called tournament sorting. First, the key words of N records are compared in pairs, and then the two smaller ones in n/2 are compared in pairs. This is repeated until the record with the minimum keyword is selected. This process can be represented by a Complete Binary Tree with N leaf nodes. Co

] and a[n/2+1,n-1] are not ordered sequences, so we are going to turn them into ordered sequences, how to change? We then sort A[0~N/2] and a[n/2+1,n-1], for A[0~N/2], we use the same method as above, divide him into A[0~N/2/2] and A[N/2+1,N/2], and then assume that both arrays are ordered sequences, Then you can merge them together and then return to the previous layer. So how can we infer that they are orderly? This element is ordered when there is only one element. Therefore, only the number

: KneighborsclassifierCommon: KNEIGHBORSCLASSIFIER:KNN nearest neighbor algorithm, nearestneighbors: Nearest neighbor algorithm, kneighborsregressor:k nearest neighbor algorithm, nearestcentroid: Nearest centroid algorithm4. Logistic regression algorithm: logisticregression5. Stochastic forest algorithm, random Forest Classifier:randomforestclassfierOne of the most commonly used: Randomforestclassifier: Random forest algorithm, baggingcclassifier:bagging bagging algorithm6. Decision Tree algorit

The idea of clustering: dividing a DataSet into several subsets (called a cluster cluster) that you don't want to cross, each potentially corresponding to a concept. But the practical significance of each cluster is determined by the users themselves, and the clustering algorithm will only be divided.The role of Clustering:1) can be used as a separate process for finding a distribution pattern of data2) as a preprocessing process for classification. First, classify data is clustered and then the

which object corresponds to a given priority queue element, and vice versa. When using a heap to implement a priority queue, you need to store a handle to the corresponding object in each element of the heap. Similarly, in an application, you also need to store a handle to the corresponding element in a heap. Typically, this handle is the subscript of the array element.The procedure heap-maximum can implement the maximum operation in O (1) Time (pseudo code below).Heap-maximum (A) 1 return a

Evaluation algorithm Excellent program, commonly used a series of indicators to measure, mainly including: Precision,recall,f-1 score, why design these values? Can't I use precision alone?1, what is precision?Precison, accuracy, mainly indicates how much of the detected alert is the correct judgment (True POSITIVE,TP).In practice, due to the different proportions of normal and abnormal data in the sample, accuracy can not reflect the real algorithm performance, for example:Cancer detection: It i

used to calculate the conditional probabilities), and so on, based on the values of these studies to predict　　4, Naive Bayesian summaryThe advantages of Naive Bayes:1) Simple Bayesian model classification efficiency and stability2) The small-scale data set performance is very good, can deal with multi-classification problem, suitable for incremental training, especially when the data set out of memory, we can batch of training3) Less sensitive to missing data, simple algorithm, often used for t

[x]7 Then X←left[x]8 ElseX←right[x]9 P[z]←yTen ify=Nil One Then root[t]←z A Else ifKey[z]←key[y] - Then left[y]←z - ElseRight[y]←zDelete1tree-DELETE (t,z)2 ifLeft[z]=nil or right[z]=Nil3 Then y←z4 Elsey←tree-successor (z)5 ifleft[y]!=Nil6 Then X←left[y]7 ElseX←right[y]8 ifx!=Nil9 Then P[x]←p[y]Ten ifp[y]=Nil One Then root[t]←x A Else ify=Left[p[y]] - Then left[p[y]]←x - Elseright[p[y]]←x the ify!=x - Then Key[z]←key[y] -Copy y's satellite data into Z -

is N/2-1. In this case, the performance of the quick sort is very good. At this point, the recursion of the algorithm's run time is:T (n) = t (N/2) + O (n)It is shown from the main theorem that the solution of the recursive formula is O (NLGN).Division of the BalanceThe average run time for fast sorting is closer to its best case than the worst case scenario. The hypothetical algorithm always produces 9:1 division, at first glance, the division is very unbalanced. The recursion for the time com