In history, multicasting has become more fashionable. IP multicast means that a sender sends data to multiple recipients, but only one copy of the data is required. Multicast is very useful for streaming media, so let's take a look at its working principles.
Multicast is like broadcasting, and some specific addresses are allocated to
Let's take the multicast data sent to UDP as an example. In fact, the difference between sending a UDP multicast datagram and sending a unicast UDP datagram is not big.
First, in the myudp_sendmsg function, if the source address of the sending interface is not determined and the target address is a multicast address, the source address uses inet_sock-> mc_addr. T
The MAC address is divided into three categories, namely broadcast address, multicast address and unicast address. First of all, FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF is undoubtedly the broadcast address. Each NIC is shipped with a single unicast address, and the first 24 digits are the manufacturer's number, assigned by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and the latter 24 are the only number that the device manufacturer has developed for the N
I. Description of the 1.1 Standard multicast interpretationCommunication is divided into unicast, multicast (that is, multicast), broadcast three kinds of waysUnicast means that the IP packet is transmitted by the router to the only device specified by the destination IP after the sender is sent, for example, you are now communicating with the Web server as a uni
Multicast MAC addressIs a type of logical MAC address. This MAC address represents a multicast group. All members in this group receive data frames with the target address of the multicast MAC address corresponding to this group. To better understand the concept of multicast and MAC address, let's look at the following
1. Broadcast
Full-network broadcast
Single CIDR Block Broadcast
2. Multicast
When to use Multicast
When the same data is sent to multiple users
Unknown recipient
Send data to multiple users at the same time-stock trading
Why Multicast
Process consumption on the host and vro is reduced
Saves bandwidth and saves bandwidth compared with unicast
Optimized Link Perfor
After reading this, you will know how IGMPv3 is implemented... Multicasting with setsockopt
Originally, the only way to join or leave a multicast group wasVia the setsockopt API. WinSock 2 introducesProtocol-independent method of multicasting with the wsajoinleaf API (discussed in the next section),As we will soon see, the setsockopt method isMuch more flexible even though it is more closely tied to the protocol beingUsed.IPv4
There are two socket opt
On the Internet , multimedia services such as streaming media, video conferencing and video-on-demand are becoming an important part of information transmission. The unicast mode of point-to-point transmission cannot adapt to this kind of business transmission characteristic -- single point of sending multipoint receive, because the server must provide each receiver with a copy of the same content of the IP message, while the network also repeatedly transmits the same content of the message, occ
1. Introduction to unicast, multicast, and broadcast 1. 1. Unicast (unicast)
Unicast means data transmission to a specific host. For example, an IP packet is sent to a host. At this time, the data link layer is given in the Data header is very specific destination address, for Ethernet, is the nic mac address (not FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF such address ). The current host with the routing function should be able to distribute unicast data in a targeted manner
1. Introduction to unicast, multicast, and broadcast 1. 1. Unicast (unicast)
Unicast means data transmission to a specific host. For example, an IP packet is sent to a host. At this time, the data link layer is given in the Data header is very specific destination address, for Ethernet, is the nic mac address (not FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF such address ). The current host with the routing function should be able to distribute unicast data in a targeted manner
Programming | data
In the information age, the application of network technology has been very common. Many of these applications rely on the ability to send the same information from one host to multiple hosts or from multiple hosts, and the number of distributed on the Internet may reach hundreds of thousands of, which requires higher bandwidth and is far beyond the ability to unicast. An important technology that maximizes the use of existing bandwidth is IP
,senferaddsize);Here is a message like this broadcast Group, note that the address sent is the broadcast address Inaddr_broadcast, the port number is the port number of the reorganization broadcast 11114Sockaddr_in Dstadd;Dstadd.sin_family=af_inet;Dstadd.sin_port=htons (11114);Dstadd.sin_addr.s_addr=inaddr_broadcast;SendTo (S,data (), totalbyte,0, (sockaddr*) dstadd,sizeof (sockaddr));Second, multicast1. InitializationWSAStartup (Makeword (2,2), wsad);2. Create a socket for
Reliable Multicast Programming (PGM)
This section describes the Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) multicast protocol implementation in Windows, often referred to as reliable multicast. Reliable multicast is implemented through Windows Sockets in Windows Server 2003 and later
Layer 2 multicast configuration case requirements
1. Three S3600-SI and a S3600-EI composed of two layer multicast network, SwtichA selected S3600-EI, SwitchB, SwitchC, SwitchD selected S3600-SI;
2. multiple Multicast sources can be connected to any of the four S3600 Series Products, and the receiving end can only be connected to SwitchA to receive
the role of multicast and IGMP---------------------------------The so-called multicast, as opposed to unicast and broadcast, refers to the network host will send the data at once to multiple target hosts belonging to the same group. The main use of the IGMP protocol. IGMP is the meaning of Internet Group Management protocol. The protocol is used toThe multicast g
IOS multicast delegate (GCDMulticastDelegate), iosdelegate
In IOS, there are several methods to implement callback:
Among the above four types, delegate and block are commonly used in my own projects.
In reality, callback requirements are also divided into two types
One-to-one callback can be implemented using delegate and block in IOS. The one-to-many callback is basically the notification center.
If you have a requirement, we will use image downloa
In routing failures, downstream devices cannot learn to troubleshoot multicast routing on the router as follows:
Network environment
Multicast data is forwarded to the Routera,routera on the vlanif port to terminate the VLAN information of the multicast source through two layers, all three-layer interfaces (both physical and logical) enable
Learning Method:WhyWhatHowWhy does this technology come into being. Without this technology, what is the current situation?What is this technology? Its principle, operating process, its working process, its functions, and so onHow to Implement --- basic configuration, optimized configuration, advanced configuration, security features and summary.Advantages of Multicast:One-to-multiple, send data to multiple receivers at the same time.Bandwidth savingSaves hardware resources and so on.Vro with IP
IPV4 Multicast (multicast) mechanism refers to: the mechanism of sending and receiving IP multicast traffic. IP multicast traffic is sent to a single destination IP address, but is received and processed by multiple IP hosts, regardless of where the host is located on the IP internetwork. A host listens on a specific I
The initial purpose of the packet broadcast method is to discover resources and reduce the amount of data interaction. But in fact, because of packet broadcasting, all hosts in the same network segment must complete data processing whether they are involved in broadcast applications or not. The broadcast UDP packets are processed layer by the system protocol stack of the host until the transport layer delivers them to the application process listening to the corresponding port or discards them.
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