ddr1 sdram

executed in nor flash, and then the operating system and application code are loaded into the higher-speed SDRAM for running. Another feasible architecture is to execute the Boot Code and operating system in nor flash, instead of loading the application code to the SDRAM for execution. This architecture makes full use of the features of the nor flash chip, which can effectively improve the system perform

-up process (BL0-BL2), the code runs in Iram The main tasks are: Initializing part of the clock (and SDRAM correlation) Initialize DDR (external SDRAM) Loading the BL2 image onto the SDRAM from the storage medium (e.g. Sd\emmc\nand flash) Verifying the legitimacy of BL2 mirroring Jump to the address where the BL2 image

RAM, but the program is stored in Flash, the run address points to ram, and the load address refers toTo Flash. The code is typically burned inside the NAND falsh, such as s3c2440 if the boot starts from the NAND falsh the 4K code will be copied to 2440part of the 4KRAM used to initialize critical hardware this time the internal RAM is mapped to the 0x0 address. If starting from nor falsh, since nor FALSH support on-chip running,code can be directly in nor Falsh Falsh is mapped to the 4KRAM ins

can be customized according to the specific needs. In the component library search Nios II Processor, double click to configure. The first thing to choose is the type of Nios II core. The core of Nios II Soft core is divided into three types, E-type, S-type and F-type. The e-core occupies the least amount of resources and functions the simplest and slowest. S-type core occupancy resources Secondly, the function and speed are higher than the former, the F-core has the most functions, the fastest

. The DRAM device needs to be refreshed periodically due to the loss of charge due to leakage of the capacitor. SRAM is static, as long as the power supply it will maintain a value, SRAM no refresh cycle. Each SRAM storage element consists of 6 transistors, and the DRAM storage unit consists of a transistor and a capacitor.Commonly referred to as SDRAM, DDR SDRAM belongs to the category of DRAM, they use th

At present, the main types of video memory used in the market are sdram,ddr sdram,ddr sgram two kinds. Sdram SDRAM is the abbreviation of synchronous dram, meaning: synchronous dynamic random memory. It works in sync with the graph bus, avoids the extra wait time required to operate the asynchronous DRAM on the syste

In the DDR1 era, the two channels are very strict, must be the same size, the same batch of memory can be composed of two channels, but at the beginning of the DDR2, Intel has a new technology, elastic dual channel, the memory of the particles, batches and even size is not strictly limited. and symmetrical dual channel, does not mean that two of the memory must be the same, but the motherboard slot on the two sets of memory is equal to the total amou

Tool: Quartus IIDevice: EP4CE15F17C81.file->new Project Wizard:2. Click on two next to enter Familydevice Settings, select device3.Finish, set up the project finished, click Tools->sopc Builder, enter the name, OK4. Modify Clk_0 to 100MHz5.component Library Search Nios, double-click Nios II processer6.Finish7. Search EPCs, double-click EPCs Serial ... Finish8. Search SDRAM, double-click SDRAM controller, co

Prerequisites: Before the plan Ahead, XPS, SDK to build Xilinx Zynq 7000 (zerdboard) on-line test of PS and PL, try to define the platform, bus and DMA, see the previous blog.Take the strike, last time. Altera's Nios II on the 3C120 chip RAM running light test.Platform: Quartus + NIOS II EDK 10,3c120+epcs16 (+) +CFI Flash + Sdram (Sram), which is standard.1, build Quartus hardware platform:The Pll+le module (FPGA ontology logic module) +nios core (Nio

General executableProgramBoth includeCodeSegment and data segment. It can also be viewed as composed of the RO and RW segments. The RO section generally contains code segments and constants, which are read-only during running. The RW segment includes some global and static variables that can be changed during running (read/write ). If some global variables are initialized to zero, the RW segment also contains the Zi segment.RO: Read Only code segmentRW: Read Write the initialized global variable

This article is reproduced in: workshop! Display the time, date, and week on lcd1602 Because SDRAM is used, first we add a PLL Input clock 50 MHz The output clock C0 is 50 MHz and the phase is-75 degrees. The clock is provided to the SDRAM and the pin is named sd_clk. C1 50nhz, with a phase of 0 degrees. It provides a clock signal to the nioss-clk and is connected to the nioss-clk. 1. enable

Reference: HTTP://WWW.ANANDTECH.COM/SHOW/3851/EVERYTHING-YOU-ALWAYS-WANTED-TO-KNOW-ABOUT-SDRAM-MEMORY-BUT-WERE-AFRAID-TO-ASK/4 The process of moving data in and out of the memory Array and the memory Bus are not overly complicated, although the Massive parallelization of the actual effort can make it somewhat difficult to fully envision what's really happening with Out some pretty concise visual aids. We'll try our best-to-help-you-regard. Both Read

Generally speaking, Uboot will do these things;1: Shut the door dog2: Initial start clock, PLL multiplier. When power is on, it is run with Xtal 12M running, then you want to increase the frequency, Samsung 2440 can run at maximum 400MHZ3: Initial start of memory, SDRAM or DDR (2440 does not support DDR, ARM11 can);4: From the nandfalsh inside the kernel read out, put into the SDRAM inside, and then turn to

during debug*/ /*cmp = 0 o'clock, then R0 = r1, then the program has initialized the SDRAM*/Blne Cpu_init_crit/*when R0 and R1 are not equal, jump to Cpu_init_crit*/ #endif /* Find cpu_init_crit*/Cpu_init_crit:/** Flush v4 I/D caches set Cache*/mov r0, #0MCR P15,0, R0, C7, C7,0 /*Flush V3/V4 Cache*/MCR P15,0, R0, C8, C7,0 /*Flush v4 TLB*/ /** Disable MMU stuff and caches close MMU, memory mapped*/MRC P15,0, R0, C1, C0,0Bic R0, R0, #

. Lib -Stacks 0x00001000/* stack size */-Heap 0x00001000/* heap size */ Memory{VECs: O = 0x80000000 L = 0x00000f00Armram: O = 0xffff0080 L = 0x00001f80 Dspl2ram: O = 0x00800000 L = 0x00040000Dspl1pram: O = 0x00e00000 L = 0x00008000Dspl1dram: O = 0x00f000l = 0x00008000 Dspl2ram2: O = 0x11800000 L = 0x0003ffffDspl1pram2: O = 0x11e00000 L = 0x00008000Dspl1dram2: O = 0x11f00000 L = 0x00008000 Sharedram: O = 0x80000f00 L = 0x0001ffffSDRAM: O = 0xc0000000 L = 0x20000000 } Sections{ ". Vector

certain time, in fact, this is because in uboot, we assume that smdk6410 is started from ch0 When SD is used, but the board on the hand is started through compaction, therefore, SD cannot be detected in ch0 when the 8 K code copied to the SRAM is run, and the code in SD cannot be copied to the SDRAM. Modify hsmmc_channel to 1 in receivede/movi. h. 3. If the u-boot.bin compiled after the above modification is directly written to SD through irom_fusin

ROM and RAM are both semiconductor Memory, ROM is short for Read Only Memory, and RAM is short for Random Access Memory. ROM can still maintain data when the system stops power supply, while RAM usually loses data after power loss. A typical RAM is the computer memory.RAM has two categories: Static RAM (Static RAM/SRAM). The speed of SRAM is very fast. It is the fastest storage device for reading and writing, but it is also very expensive, therefore, it can only be used in demanding scenarios, s

has a high-performance external memory extended interface, which can be directly connected to sbsram for Synchronous burst static memory and SDRAM for synchronous dynamic memory for large-capacity and high-speed storage. It also includes direct asynchronous memory interfaces, it can be connected to static memory SRAM and read-only memory EPROM for small-capacity data storage and program storage. 64 K program memory integrated in the chip can be confi

(socket)Kt400/400a, kt600/600a, nforce2, SIS 746/748 duron, athlonxp, and Yunlong Socket 478I845/865/875 series, SIS 648, via p4x400/400a pentium4, celeron4 The key to determining which processor the chipset supports is the beiqiao chip, which is usually located in the center of the motherboard to the right. You can see the full picture by removing the heat sink or fan (figure ). If it is difficult to identify the chipset of the motherboard, you can also identify the appearance of the CPU slot

frequency doubling option in the "Pu clock ratio" option to greatly improve the CPU performance (currently, the CPU frequency doubling is usually locked ). 2. How to overclock the memory in BIOS The BIOS contains many memory parameters. These parameters can be optimized to overclock the memory and improve system performance. Step 1. Start the computer and press del to go To the BIOS settings page. Step 2 select the "advanced chipset features" option on the main menu to find the memory setting