So that any executable program supporting standard I/O (stdin, stdout) can become hadoop er or reducer. For example:Copy codeThe Code is as follows:Hadoop jar hadoop-streaming.jar-input SOME_INPUT_DIR_OR_FILE-output SOME_OUTPUT_DIR-mapper/bin/cat-CER/usr/bin/wc
In this example, the cat and wc tools provided by Unix/Linux are used as mapper/reducer. Is it amazing?
If you are used to some dynamic languages, u
Hadoop itself is written in Java. Therefore, writing mapreduce to hadoop naturally reminds people of Java. However, Hadoop has a contrib called hadoopstreaming, which is a small tool that provides streaming support for hadoop so that any executable program supporting standard I/O (stdin, stdout) can become hadoop mapper or reducer. For example:
The code is as follows:
Hadoop jar hadoop-streaming.jar-input SOME_INPUT_DIR_OR_FILE-output SOME_OUTPUT_DI
for the text of the Mr Processing, without writing Java programs, you can use Shell,python,ruby and so on. Its principle is to use Java to implement a wrapper user program Mr Program, the program is responsible for invoking the MapReduce Java interface to get Key/value to the input, create a new process to start the wrapper user program, the data passed through the pipeline to the packaging User program processing, The MapReduce Java interface is then called to cut the output of the user progra
process has a very big impact on the total time of the job operation, the general MapReduce tuning is mainly to adjust the parameters of the shuffle stage.such as: Data flow for multiple reduce tasksIv. How to reduce the amount of data from map to reduceThe available bandwidth on the cluster limits the number of MapReduce jobs because the intermediate results of the map are passed to reduce for transmission over the network, so the most important point is to minimize the amount of data transfe
of each rowString line = value.tostring (); Per row of meteorological dataStep two: Extracting the temperature valueint temperature = Integer.parseint (Line.substring (). Trim ());//Hourly temperatureNeed to convert to shaping, intercept 14th to 19 bits, remove the middle space.if (temperature! =-9999)//filter Invalid data{Step three: Extracting station numberGet input shardsFilesplit filesplit = (filesplit) context.getinputsplit ();//extract the input shards and convert the typeThen extract th
when the number of map spill is greater than or equal to 3 o'clock, the combine operation is performed on each spill before the merge operation of the map to reduce the number of files written to disk.
Mapred.compress.map.output
Boolean
False
Whether to compress the map output
Mapred.map.output.compression.codec
Class Name
Org.apache.hadoop.io.Compress. Defaultcodec
For map output compression codecs
Tasktracker.http.threads
, but it adds information about tasks relative to jobcontext. The taskattemptcontextimpl object can be used to obtain many classes related to task execution, such as user-defined er classes and inputformat classes.
Step 2:
Construct a newtrackingrecordreader object based on inputformat. The recordreader
Step 3:
Create Org. apache. hadoop. mapreduce. recordwriter object, as the task output. If there is no reducer, set this recordwriter object to newdi
. Then run combiner (if set). The essence of combiner is also a reducer, which aims to process the files to be written to the disk first, the amount of data written to the disk is reduced. Finally, write the data to the local disk to generate a spill file (the spill file is saved in the directory specified by {mapred. Local. dir} and will be deleted after the map task is completed ).
Finally, each map task may generate multiple spill files. Before eac
format (Language-neutral manner ). Org. Apache. hadoop. Tools defines some common tools.
Org. Apache. hadoop. util defines some public APIs.
Mapreduce Framework Structure
MAP/reduce is a distributed computing model used for large-scale data processing. It was originally designed and implemented by Google engineers and has been published by Google.
The definition of MAP/reduce is a programming model, which is used to process and generate large-scale data sets. You can define a map function to p
/ch15/hh/hhAll the operations are also under this directory!!!uploading inputFile.txt to HDFsZhangle/mrmean-i is the directory on HDFsHadoop fs-put inputFile.txt Zhangle/mrmean-irunning Hadoop streaming1Hadoop jar/usr/programs/hadoop-2.4.0/share/hadoop/tools/lib/hadoop-streaming-2.4.0. Jar2-input zhangle/mrmean-I3-output zhangle/output12222 4-filemrmeanmapper.py5-filemrmeanreducer.py6-mapper"/home/orient/anaconda2/bin/python mrmeanmapper.py" 7-reducer
as the reduce key. In this case, the input records are randomly distributed to different reducer machines. To ensure that there are no duplicate cookie_id records between reducer, you can use the Distribute by keyword to specify that the distribution key is cookie_id. Select Cookie_id,country,id,page_id,id fromc02_clickstat_fatdt1 where Cookie_idin (' 1.193.131.218.1288611279693.0 ', ' 1.193.148.164.128860
data, using only the outermost words of an n-tuple can also help avoid duplicate computations. In general, we will calculate on 2, 3, 4 and 5 metadata datasets.
MapReduce pseudocode to implement this solution is similar to this:
def map (record):
[Ngram, year, count] = unpack (record)
//ensures that word1 is the first word in the dictionary
(word1, word2) = sorted (ngram[ Ngram[last])
key = (word1, Word2, year)
emit (key, count)
def reduce (key, values):
emit (Key, su
Fileinputformat
-We have 3 files of size 64K, 65Mb and 127Mb
Then how many input splits would be made by the Hadoop framework?
Hadoop would make 5 splits as follows
-1 split for 64K files
-2 splits for 65Mb files
-2 Splits for 127Mb file
Q6. What is the purpose of Recordreader in Hadoop
The Inputsplithas defined a slice of work, but does not describe how to access it. The Recordreaderclass actually loads the data from its source and converts it into (key, value) pairs suitable for readingby th
If the executable file, script, or configuration file required for the program to run does not exist on the compute nodes of the Hadoop cluster, you first need to distribute the files to the cluster for a successful calculation. Hadoop provides a mechanism for automatically distributing files and compressing packages by simply configuring the appropriate parameters when you start the streaming job. The following is an introduction and comparison:
More:http://hadoop.apache.org/mapreduce/docs/curr
type in Java, similar to Text~string,intwritable~int, except that the former is optimized for serialization operations in network transmissions.
2. Reduce phase
Similarly, the four type parameters of the Reducer class also indicate the type of input (key, value) and output (key, value) of the reducer task. Its input type must match the output type of the Mapper task (in this case (text,intwritable)).
1 imp
Tabledwd_prod_word_list_bucket_part (
word_id BIGINT COMMENT ' keyword ID ',
word_text STRING COMMENT ' keyword literal '
)
COMMENT ' DWD layer keyword and ID corresponding to the Relationship code table _ bucket _ partition '
partitioned by (pdate STRING)
CLUSTERED by (word_id)
SORTED by (word_id ASC)
Into BUCKETS
ROW FORMAT Delimited
Fields TERMINATED by ' \ t '
LINES TERMINATED by ' \ n ' STORED as textfile;
The build Table statement simply defines the metadata, where clustered by and sor
Tags: 3.0 end TCA Second Direct too tool OTA run1. Distributing HDFs Compressed Files (-cachearchive)Requirement: WordCount (only the specified word "The,and,had ..." is counted), but the file is stored in a compressed file on HDFs, there may be multiple files in the compressed file, distributed through-cachearchive;-cacheArchive hdfs://host:port/path/to/file.tar.gz#linkname.tar.gz #选项在计算节点上缓存文件,streaming程序通过./linkname.tar.gz的方式访问文件。Idea: Reducer prog
parameter will be changed (accept the values of all parameters)The value we want to update must be placed on the last side, because the more the parameter, the higher the permissions. To overwrite the contents of the former duplicates.Let SourceItem = { 0, ' Learn Redux ', false}object.assign ({}, SourceItem, { true})2. Object operation: Add a new itemIn fact, as in the above, write a new key value pair even if newLet SourceItem = { 0,
Some time ago in the business management industry popular a maxim called "details determine success or failure." Enterprise management is certainly not the subject we want to discuss here, but it is indeed a irrefutable truth to put this sentence in web design. Our eyes and feelings are always very sharp, and even people who have no idea of web design technology can pick out a good design from a bunch of poor design work.
Although he couldn't say why it was better than that, the intuition would
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