routing protocols

, which believe that packets are sent from a valid host. IP acknowledgement contains an option called IP Source routing, which can be used to specify a direct path between a source address and a destination address. For some TCP and UDP services, the IP packet using this option seems to be passed from the last system on the path, not from its real location. This option is available for testing purposes, which means it can be used to trick the system i

(1) Common P2P protocols 1. Napster: the world's first large-scale P2P application network; centralized and collapsed. Napster, a popular sharing service at the time, is mainly used to find MP3 files. It has a server used to store the link location of MP3 files and provide retrieval, while the real MP3 files are stored in On thousands of PCs, files searched for are directly shared among PCs through P2P. The disadvantage of this method is that a server

(Link) 　　VII. A summary First, make a summary of the previous content. We already know that network communication is the exchange of data packets. Computer A sends a packet to computer B. The latter receives the packet and replies to the packet to implement communication between the two computers. The structure of the data packet is basically as follows: To send this package, you need to know two addresses: MAC address of the recipient IP address of the other party With these two addresses,

Chapter 4 and chapter 5 of network protocols _ ARP RARPNetwork Protocol Chapter 3 _ IP Internet ProtocolHttp://www.bkjia.com/net/201305/209591.htmlIntroductionWhen a host sends an Ethernet data frame to another host on the same LAN, the destination interface is determined based on the 48-bit ethernet address. The device driver never checks the IP address in the IP datagram.ARP provides dynamic ing between IP addresses and hardware addresses, because t

There is no fixed standard for understanding the Wireless Router Protocol. Generally, the standard is IEEE 802.11g. Other content of the wireless router is described in detail later. In our contact, these standards have little impact on us. Wireless Router Protocol Standard Currently, wireless routers support the IEEE 802.11g Wireless Router Protocol and are backward compatible with 802.11b. First, we need to understand the meaning of this standard. IEEE, an international wireless standards orga

sub-layers: the MAC (Media Access Control) layer and the LLC (Logical Link Control) layer. The common L2 standard for LAN and man is IEEE 802 protocol. In the wide area network, HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control, advanced Link Control), PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol, Point-to-Point Protocol), and Frame Relay (Frame Relay) and other protocols are widely used. Routing is a layer-3 concept. The network layer

agreement, it has all the method declarations in the agreement.3. As long as the parent class adheres to a protocol, the subclass also follows.The 4.Protocol declaration method allows any class to be implemented, and Protocol is the Protocol.5.OC cannot inherit multiple classes (single inheritance) but can comply with multiple protocols. Inheritance (:), Compliance Agreement (6. The base protocol:7. The agreement is subject to the agreement, and one

Returns the media access control (MAC) address of all network adapters in the computer and the list of network protocols for each address, either from the local area or back through the network. Grammar Getmac[.exe] [/s Computer [/u domain\user [/P Password]]] [/FO {table| List| CSV}] [/NH] [v] Parameters /s Computer Specifies the remote computer name or IP address (you cannot use a backslash). The default value is the local computer. /u domain\user

allows you to create globally unique identifiers for resources (network); Peak.storage allows you to manage databases and persistent content, as the name suggests. However, for this article, we will focus on the PEAK.API. Especially the Pyprotocols package, which can be obtained separately and provide an infrastructure for other PEAK. A version of the Pyprotocols package is included in the Peak.api.protocols. But now what I'm interested in is studying a separate

Internet Protocol IP and its supporting protocols @ (computer network) IP protocol is one of the two most important protocols in TCP/IP protocol cluster. The protocol is as follows: Address Resolution Protocol –arp Inverse address resolution –RARP Internet Control Message Protocol –ICMP Inter-Group Management Protocol –IGMP where ARP and RARP support IP protocol operations, ICMP and IGMP operations require

progress, but we must not ignore the role of IPv4 in the past and future networks. As a large number of currently used devices support IPv4, communication operators must fully consider how to evolve to IPv6. IPv6 will be implemented at the network application layer and transport layer. devices that adopt IPv6 in advance also need IPv4 support on the backbone network. In this way, the interconnection and compatibility between IPv6 and IPv4 protocols n

Network (running on the TCP Protocol) PORT 23 FTP (File Transfer Protocol, file Transfer Protocol (TCP ). PORT 20/21 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), used to send emails (running on TCP Protocol ). DNS (Domain Name Service) is used for address search and Email Forwarding (running on TCP and UDP protocols ). PORT 53 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is used to collect Network information and manage networks.

the value in the original datagram plus NFB. The above process can be expanded from 2 to N. For segment reorganization, the following four domains must have the same values: Tag, source address, target address, and protocol. Recombine different datagram data into a new segment based on its own offset. the offset of the first segment is 0, and the multi-segment of the last segment is marked as 0. Gateway The gateway transmits data packets between different networks, and the gateway also implemen

The SIP protocol is an application-layer control protocol used to establish, modify, and terminate multimedia sessions. It draws a lot from mature HTTP protocols (such as text format encoding and method in request messages ), the text-based UTF-8 encoding method can be used to carry the UDP or TCP protocol (UDP preferred ). Similar to the Diameter protocol, SIP also has a basic protocol and many extension protocol