Basic liunx commands (suitable for beginners)

Note: These are the most basic linux commands, but they are also the most important. I have seen many posts that ignore this point and I have published it here, there are many small details and easy-to-make small mistakes in liunx. Some of my posts will prompt that I hope you can learn well.

Use pwd to display the current path

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Bin/

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Usr/bin/

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Usr/local/bin/command directory that can be executed by common users

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Sbin/

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Usr/sbin/

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Usr/local/sbin/command directory that the administrator can execute

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Root/Administrator's home

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Home Directory of common users

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Etc/configuration file directory

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Var/server data directory

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Usr/application directory

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Tmp/temporary file directories cannot be deleted. The most obvious reason is that the graphic interface cannot be opened)

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Dev/block device directories, such as USB flash drives, do not refer to hardware)

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Boot program directory (kernel Startup File boot Program)

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Lib/

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Usr/lib

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Usr/local/lib module for storing library files and system files

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Sys/pseudo File System

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Proc/pseudo File System Kernel Parameter Process Information)

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Mnt/other mount points

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Opt/third-party software catalog

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Net/autofs Automatic File System)

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Misc/autofs Automatic File System)

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Home directory of the tftpboot/tftp Server

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Selinux

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Media Directory

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Srv/server data directory

[Root @ 0425 ~] #/Lost + found/This directory is used to save temporary files. For example, if a temporary file is shut down illegally, the file system will be restored)

# The absolute path and relative path are shown in the preceding figure/

[Root @ 0425 user14] # cd.../... go back to the upper layer of your upper layer.

[Root @ 0425 user14] # cd ~ Quick home directory method

[Root @ 0425 user14] # cd. Refresh the current directory

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Cd-switch between two directories to return the last working directory

File Type:

-Common files

D directory file

L The shortcut for connecting to file wi is similar

Block B device files, such as USB flash drives

C character file Terminal

Direct communication between file processes and processes in the p Pipeline

S sets of character files are also the IP address and address of the communication process.

Command for viewing files:

Show all files: ls-a all files starting with. are hidden files

Show all files except... ls-

Show file DETAILS ls-l

Show more detailed ls-lh File Size

The ls-ld/etc directory is displayed when you view the directory.

View directories sorted by time ls-lt if the reverse display ls-lr

Recursive ls-R display

HELP command:

Ls-help

Info ls

Type ls

Man ls [] indicates optional

1 Introduction NAME

2 usage: SYNOPSIS

3 parameter DESCRIPTION

.. Reporting bug reporting bugs mailbox is <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>

Man 1 USER command

Man 2 many developers are calling the system)

Man 3 Library call)

Man 4 special files

Man 5 configuration file

Man 6 Game Description

Man 7 Miscellaneous

Man 8 system commands are only used by administrators)

Man 9 kernel reference

Man-f passwd query keywords in those chapters)

Man-k passwd fuzzy query)

Makewhatis maintenance man can also be said to be updated man)

Passwd, even if a command has a file, can be viewed by man 1 passwd to avoid sending such a task)

Command for viewing file content:

[Root @ 0425 ~] # More/etc/space indicates an interface. The interface must go down.

* **/Etc/: directory ***

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Less/etc/passwd can be viewed

Beginning: head

[Root @ 0425 ~] # View the specified number of rows in head/etc/passwd

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Head-n 50/etc/passwd

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Head-50/etc/passwd view the first 50 rows

Last: tail

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Tail-n 50/etc/passwd

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Tail-50/etc/passwd view the last 50 lines of content

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Tail-f/var/log/messages dynamic log File monitoring

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Service gpm restart mouse

-------

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Cat/etc/passwd display from scratch

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Cat-n/etc/show all row numbers of the row number

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Cat-B/etc/display valid rows with row numbers and spaces do not show only valid rows)

| The result of using the previous command output as the input of the next command is equivalent to double processing !)

-------------------------------------------

Create a file

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Touch 1 create 1 file

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Touch abc {1 .. 10} create 10 abc files

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Touch a0000b..c000000001..50000.txt create ab1 ab2 ab3 ab4 AB 5

Ac1 ac2 ac3 ac4 ac5

Create directory

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Mkdir

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Mkdir/etc/aa

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Mkdir-p xx/aa the directory does not have the xx folder. You can directly add-p to create xx and then create aa

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Mkdir-p-v xx/aa shows the creation process

Recursive query means that if I ask my dad why I don't look like you, Dad says, when I ask your grandfather

I asked my dad why I was not as long as you did. Dad said that he always asked your grandfather to go.

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Cp Copy command

Cp original address target address

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Cp/root/xx/etc/

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Change the file name xx to vv during cp/root/xx/etc/vv copying.

Cp directory

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Cp-r/etc // root/copy a directory and add-r

----------------------

Mobile file clipping)

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Mv/etc/tt.txt/tmp/cut the tt.txt under/etc/to/tmp

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Mv/etc/tt.txt/tmp/aa.txt move the file and change its name

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Name of mv tt.txt aa.txt in the local directory

----------------------------

Delete directory

Rmdir can only delete empty directory files or

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Rmdir/etc/aa/Delete the empty directory aa

Rm

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Rm/etc/aa/ask if you want to delete the Directory

[Roo @ 0425 ~] # Rm-f/etc/aa/directly delete a directory without asking

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Delete files in the rm-rf/etc/aa/directory together

* Wildcard

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Rm-rf *. txt batch Delete txt files

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Rm-rf AB * Delete all files in front of AB

Do not delete the/file to directly install the system.

[Root @ 0425 ~] # Rm-rf/a.txt do not add spaces or spaces, that is, delete the.txt file in the/directory.

Tree

View the Created directory

[Root @ 0425 ca] # tree/aa/

/Aa/

| -- Ba

| -- Ca

| -- Test.txt

| -- Test.txt ~

| '-- Test1.txt

| '-- Cb

'-- Bc

'-- Cc

'-- Test.txt

Create the following directory structure (one command is complete) (and verify)

/Aa

/\

Ba/bc/

/\\

Ca/cb/cc/

Mkdir-p/aa/ba/c {a, B}/aa/bc/cc

[Root @ 0425/] # mkdir-p-v aa/ba/c {a .. B}/aa/bc/cc/

Mkdir: created directory 'A'

Mkdir: created directory 'aa/Ba'

Mkdir: created directory 'aa/ba/ca'

Mkdir: created directory 'aa/ba/cb'

Mkdir: created directory 'aa/bc'

Mkdir: created directory 'aa/bc/CC'

. If you copy the same file to the same directory twice, the overwriting prompt is not displayed.

[Root @ 0425 ca] # \ cp/root/install. log/etc/Add \

[Root @ localhost ~] #/Bin/cp/root/install. log/etc/directly use cp to copy the alias without executing it

Unalias cp

Cp/root/install. log/cancel alias copying

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