Let's take a look at the "Research on Manufacturing Enterprise Management and E-Commerce Standards" three years ago "!

Author: Li an-yu 1. Development Trends and project significance XML, as an open standard for data representation, injects new vigor into web applications and network computing. XML describes information in a unified format, which is scalable and self-descriptive. It can display information from different system sources in a unified format, it can also convert different formats, so it is a powerful tool for the Information Standardization process. According to the current development trend, XML-based standards will become the mainstream information standards in the future. The establishment of China's e-commerce standards is of great significance to China's economic establishment and the accelerated development of e-commerce. At present, China's e-commerce market adopts all foreign standards. Of course, we must be in line with international standards, but standards are a symbol of national sovereignty and an important means to protect national interests. We can remain invincible in the fierce competition only when we come up with standards with our own intellectual property rights and have a place in the world standards. Technical standards play a supporting and guiding role in industrial development. China's e-commerce practices prove that foreign e-commerce standards and products are not fully suited to China's national conditions and can be used only after major changes are made, this reduces the efficiency and increases the development cycle. The use of cnxml in line with China's national conditions will greatly improve the application level of e-commerce in China, enhance the capability of E-Commerce Technology Innovation in China, and promote the development of e-commerce. From the challenges facing China's entry into the WTO, cnxml standards can also become technical barriers to replacement of trade barriers, Protecting China's e-commerce and the development of the national software industry. Improve China's competitiveness. Specifically, it can improve the compatibility between Chinese enterprise software and foreign enterprise software, accelerate the informatization process of Chinese enterprises, and achieve leapfrog development; it accelerates Chinese software enterprises to catch up with international advanced software enterprises and provides guidance and development tools for designated technical specifications in various industries in China to solve technical bottlenecks. 2. Research objectives 3, Develop a set of e-Commerce standards based on XML, with proprietary intellectual property rights, applicable to the management and e-commerce applications of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, and compatible with international standards-cnxml, the development tool CDK and the modeling language cnxaml and the modeling method cnxamm were developed to build the XML-based e-commerce standard system in China. 4. main research contents and Key Technologies This topic will analyze and study the development status and trend of international e-commerce standardization, and combine the development status of China's manufacturing enterprise management and e-commerce and the demand for standardization, develop XML-based, cnxml-compliant enterprise management and e-commerce technical standards applicable to manufacturing, and develop key technologies supporting independent intellectual property rights. The main research content includes four aspects: the research supports the standard framework of manufacturing enterprise management and e-commerce standard specifications with Chinese characteristics; study the key standards of standards and regulations for the management and e-commerce of manufacturing enterprises with Chinese characteristics; this paper studies the supporting modeling language and modeling methods of manufacturing enterprise management and e-Commerce standards and norms with Chinese characteristics, and develops the key development tool CDK that is compatible with the e-commerce standards and norms. ① Research on the cnxml standard framework and key standards The cnxml standard framework and key standards mainly include the following seven parts: (1) cnxml Technical Architecture: It mainly specifies the overall architecture of cnxml. (2) cnxml Message Server (3) Service Specification: Describes the format of message exchange, and (4) provides specific implementation methods to ensure reliable and secure message transmission. (5) cnxml registration specification: The cnxml registration library is the core of cnxml. (6) This specification mainly specifies the cnxml registration mechanism interface and registration server (7) service. (8) cnxml common element dictionary: It mainly specifies the basic elements of the document and the design methods of the elements. These elements should generally be repeated (10) in different (9) documents. (11) cnxml document specification: It mainly specifies the documents extracted from the e-commerce process. (12) cnxml process specification: It mainly defines the semantic specification of the e-commerce process, and (13) enables enterprises to define the e-commerce business transaction process in a unified manner. (14) cnxml integration description specification: It mainly specifies the information required for trade partners to participate in the trade process. ② Development of cnxml core tools Develop a set of modeling languages and methods and the cnxml Development Kit (CDK), a core tool supporting the development and application of cnxml standards and specifications ). (1) Modeling Language cnxml and modeling method cnxamm A. cnxml application Modeling Language cnxaml (cnxml application Modeling Language) Cnxaml is a modeling language that supports cnxml applications, object-oriented and visualization. It is based on the Unified Modeling Language UML and is an extension of UML in cnxml applications. The content of cnxaml mainly includes: · Cnxaml framework: defines the overall architecture of cnxaml; · Cnxaml meta-model: cnxaml defined using the UML extension mechanism; · Cnxaml and cnxml ing: used to support forward and reverse engineering of cnxml applications. B. cnxml application modeling method cnxamm (cnxml application modeling method) Cnxaml is just a representation. It also requires methodological support for e-commerce processes and application modeling. Cnxamm is a modeling method based on cnxaml, use case, and system architecture, it mainly defines the roles, workflows, activities and artifacts in the e-commerce Process and Its Application modeling process, and supports the e-commerce Process and Application Modeling in line with the characteristics of China's manufacturing industry. The content of cnxamm mainly includes: · Cnxamm framework: defines the overall architecture of cnxamm; · Role: defines the division of tasks for cnxml application modeling; · Workflow: defines the cnxml application modeling steps, including business modeling, requirement management, analysis, design, and implementation; · Activity: defines the unit work of cnxml application modeling, such as guiding principles and document templates. · Artifacts: defines information units generated and involved in cnxml application modeling, such as models and documents. (2) cnxml standard and standard CDK (cnxml Develop Kit) development Cnxml CDK is developed for the application and promotion of cnxml specifications. Cnxml CDK mainly consists of the following modules: · Cnxml message processing module: ensures reliable message transmission. · Cnxml parsing module: parses cnxml documents. · Cnxml process engine module: parses cnxml process segments. · Cnxml verification module: verifies the validity of cnxml documents. · Cnxml registration and access module: queries, updates, and maintains the cnxml registration library. Key Technologies ① Cnxml architecture design. The architecture is the general framework of standards. When designing the cnxml architecture, the mature foreign standards are combined with the actual situation of Chinese enterprises. ② Extraction of business processes and management modes of manufacturing enterprises in China. The business process and enterprise management model of the manufacturing industry must be investigated in large quantities, analyzed and extracted correctly. ③ Deal with the contradiction between the universality and specificity of the standard. Cnxml is a general standard, but it must be applied to specific industries (such as manufacturing projects). In architecture design, it must not be too large or cumbersome. Our design philosophy is to adopt a general structure at the underlying layer, and add a special subset to the high-level to make it highly scalable. ④ Interface definition and implementation: Each CDK module must be accessed through the interface. The key to CDK is interface definition and implementation. ⑤ Cnxml database design: the registration database stores data in XML format. This is a new type of database. Its data format and access methods are different from existing relational databases, new methods need to be studied. ⑥ Cnxml application Modeling Language (cnxaml. Creating a complete cnxaml metamodel is the key to successful cnxaml modeling language design. How to Use the UML extension mechanism and the cnxml and Its Applications to build a cnxaml metadatabase is a technical difficulty. IV. Implementation Plan (1) analysis of typical foreign standards: Many successful foreign standards have been recognized and applied. We will focus on ebXML, xCBL, and RosettaNet standards, absorb their strengths, and prepare for their compatibility. (2) investigate and analyze the business processes and features of Chinese enterprises, and focus on the manufacturing industry. The biggest characteristic of cnxml is that it is in line with China's national conditions. Therefore, the investigation and analysis of Chinese enterprises (focusing on manufacturing) is the prerequisite for the establishment of cnxml standards. The investigation will involve internal business and external transactions of enterprises. (3) The cnxml standard should be combined with existing ERP and e-commerce products in the market, and cooperate with software developers to develop e-commerce applications that comply with the cnxml standard. Well-known foreign manufacturers (such as German sap company and American Commerce one company) have agreed to cooperate with us in order to make their products localized (such as yongyou company) to expand the market, provides module interfaces and related product processes. (4) do a good job in the early stage of the application unit pilot. Whether the cnxml standard can be applied to Chinese enterprises and accepted by enterprises is a sign of testing whether cnxml is successful. Currently, large manufacturing enterprises such as Jiangnan Shipyard, Lenovo Group, and Shanghai Automotive Information Industry Investment Co., Ltd. hope to cooperate in the application of cnxml. In the future, enterprises can invest in application pilot projects. (5) design the modeling language and method in the form of Function Extension: The cnxaml modeling language is based on the Unified Modeling Language UML, and is an extension of UML in the cnxml application. UML is a widely used general modeling language. Applies to the design of xml dtd and schema. XML ing corresponding to UML already has a standard called XMI (XML metamodel Interchange. Therefore, we use the extension mechanism of UML to propose cnxaml based on the characteristics of the cnxml standard system to support e-commerce flows and application development modeling that meet the characteristics of China's manufacturing industry. The cnxaml modeling method is based on the analysis of the e-commerce process in China's manufacturing industry and its Application Modeling Features, and is based on the world-leading Rational Unified Process Modeling process framework and Umm (UN/CEFACT Modeling Methodology) business Process Modeling Method for development. (6) analyze existing overseas Software Development kits, absorb their strengths, and implement the standard system. Each module of the software package is implemented in stages. (7) The cnxml standard has a large workload and wide application scope. Taking the foreign ebxmxl as an example, ebXML has more than 10 specifications. More than 20 people participate in the formulation of each specification, which takes 18 months and has a total workload of more than 4000 person-months. In addition, there is no precedent in China, and the foundation of enterprise informatization is poor. Therefore, this project is more difficult. We will take unified planning, division of labor, supervision and inspection, and coordinate measures to organize the implementation of the project. 5. Application Prospects Cnxml is based on a large number of surveys and research on Chinese enterprises (especially the manufacturing industry) and draws up the strengths of foreign standards. It conforms to China's national conditions and is compatible with international standards. In cnxml, the design idea of seamless integration of business management within the enterprise and external transactions is put forward, and the B2B and A2a (application to application) are described respectively, the standard is lightweight, scalable, and flexible, which facilitates the integration of enterprise applications and e-commerce processes, greatly improving the efficiency of business activities. The system framework design makes the standards both universal and specific. Therefore, cnxml is applicable to both specific industries and widely used. 6. How to Deal with WTO Facing the advent of the WTO, all industries in China have to consider their competitive advantages in the future and how to gain a place in the international arena. Computer software, as the most international division of labor in the IT industry, will form a pattern that many insiders are most concerned about. first, we can divide the software into different layers to answer this question. The software we use on a daily basis can be divided into the following three types: operating systems, databases, and other system software, which we call general-purpose basic software. General-purpose modules or general-purpose components are called general-purpose application software? Quot; Software for end customers, known as "personalized application software ". Among these three types of software, we can see that Microsoft's Windows 2000 or Oracle databases all belong to general-purpose basic software, BEA's WebLogic application server or IBM message queue are all common application software, and the software applications we see in various industries are personalized application software. For these three types of software, we will analyze the following investment amount and product maturity. Assume that the investment required for personalized application software is X, and Y years are required to make it mature, the investment and development time required for general application software are 5x and 5y, respectively, general basic software requires 25x and 25y respectively. Therefore, if the risk of investing in the final application software is 1, the general application software is 5, and the general basic software is 25. In the current domestic software market, we can see that in the short term, it is difficult to have the opportunity to challenge general basic software products developed by Microsoft or Oracle. In addition, it is becoming increasingly conservative in the international capital market, it is difficult for investors to take 25 times the risk of investment in conventional application software development to support a startup company and Microsoft or Oracle. Therefore, we believe that in this type of software, unless we create a new field and propose a new direction, we can only stand on the shoulders of giants. In general application software products, as China's national strength is enhanced and the market expands, there should be some opportunities, the Software Institute of the Chinese Emy of Sciences recently established cico International and middleware vendors such as Dongfang Tong are interested in developing various types of software. However, we also see that such products require 5 times of investment in general application development, and the development cycle is more than 5 times larger than that of general applications, so that manufacturers must have a certain amount of financial resources and patience. We believe that developing a more mature middleware (Message-to-column, application, or Transaction Server) requires at least 20 million RMB investment and a maturity of about two years, this makes it difficult for many Chinese software vendors to afford the limited capital market channels. In addition, since middleware vendors do not directly sign contracts with end users, it is easy for them to become victims of reducing application software costs and arrearage receivables, this is the trend we have seen that the domestic middleware market is gradually monopolized by foreign manufacturers. In this way, we only hope to directly sign contracts with customers and customize software products including a large number of personalized features for them. Cico International has gradually moved its middleware Products into industrial applications to form well-known industrial applications? Quot; Industry middleware ", which has become a general trend recognized by non-application software developers. Because these products are the final standards of the customer's acceptance, and the technical requirements are not limited to the latest or the best, it is more important to fully understand the customer's needs and the customer's trust than the technical advantages, this is the only way for the Chinese software industry to gradually enter the mainstream in the future. Therefore, we believe that: 1. In the basic software section, we must dare to propose a new direction with strong national conditions in China. For example, mobile communication will undoubtedly be a major feature of China and is expected to become the world's largest market, there is no reason to use existing foreign embedded operating systems or databases, but to create a new generation of operating systems or databases that are very suitable for China's mobile communication characteristics, but innovation is one of the major elements, otherwise, existing mature products should be used to avoid high risks. 2. In general application software, such as middleware, we believe that currently we cannot effectively confront mature foreign products. The opportunity is: (1) build a new middleware concept on a new operating system or database, but this new basic software has not yet appeared. (2) Add a general application software with Chinese or industry characteristics, which is an inseparable "industry-oriented middleware technology ", in this way, a new software category is created, which is actively dominant in this category. Due to the oversupply of general application software technology in the market, we have the opportunity to develop these general application software with industry characteristics by working closely with vendors with long-term stability and willingness to take certain risks. 3. In terms of application software, we need to consolidate our site and suppress unfair price cutting competition to ensure that domestic manufacturers can provide high-quality services to our customers. At the same time, we must actively adopt international and domestic standards to prevent standardization from becoming a disadvantage in future competition. Of course, we will actively promote the informatization standards applicable to all walks of life in China and bring them into line with international standards. In the long term, we will get twice the result with half the effort. In short, due to the lack of funds and core competitiveness of China's software industry, there will be a difficult way to join the WTO. However, we have a market and human resources. As long as we look in the correct direction and find the positioning, and other good environments that actively help domestic software enterprises to participate in the competition, we believe that the Chinese software industry will surely enter a bright spring in the winter.