What psychological knowledge the product manager needs to know

Many friends complained to me that the "communication cost" of working with colleagues was higher, talking to them is very difficult, in short, a variety of communication and communication problems, then take this as an opportunity to chat with you about product managers need to understand some of the psychology of small knowledge, hope to be able to help everyone ~ Good, then officially started the following ~

I. Intuition, memory, scene

Ideas that do not depend on the scene do not exist. All the judgments we make depend on the way we look at and explain the world. So we will first discuss how our judgments are influenced by objective situations and subjective thinking.

Selective perception

Look at this picture, how much of what you see is determined by what you expect? Even for the immediate things, you will be influenced by your own ideas, so it is impossible for people to see things without any deviation. In fact, most people will choose to perceive things that they want and want to see.

Let me give you a more specific example here:

This is a 1977 experiment, the subjects were divided into 2 groups, one group was told to drink the drink is Tonny and foreign wine mixed liquid, the other group was told to drink only Tony Water, in fact, the liquid is still a mixture of foreign wine and Tony Water. But only the defendants who were told that the group that drank the mixture had a significant change in heart rate than those who thought they drank only Tony water. This is the influence of "anticipation". And then we'll talk about the psychological effects of "anticipation."

and "expected" related to the more famous "enemy media effect"-that is, no matter where people stand, often think that news reports are biased towards each other's position. Recall that when you were arguing with the technology, suddenly a co-worker came out to let everyone have a good discussion, and then began to record the details and content of your argument on the whiteboard, and when you started cleaning and sorting, did you think he was biased towards technology?

How can we reduce the impact of subjective expectations on our judgments?

Whether the way you think about your problems is motivated by some kind of motivation.

For example: I am not with a colleague, I just want to force to prove his plan is not feasible

Think about whether you see and deal with your problems with your own expectations.

For example, is the poker example above already having the expected results and thinking about it?

Are you exchanging ideas with people who have different expectations and motivations?

Talk to your co-workers more.

Cognitive uncoordinated

Let me use an example to illustrate what is "cognitive uncoordinated".

In the meeting, a PM because of popularity is very bad, so his plan has been a vote of stability against. Later PM thought of a way, the group of stability against his people called out, said after the meeting as long as they objected to him once, they asked them to eat a meal, so this pm invited them to eat Sichuan restaurant. The second meeting, the Group of people still opposed to PM,PM invited them to eat donkey meat on fire, said, "Sorry, this time is not very well-off"; The third PM only invited them to eat a bag of potato chips; The fourth time PM will not invite them to eat anything, this time, the group of people who have been opposed to the PM, said, " Even if you don't give us anything to eat, you just want to let us oppose you at the meeting, it's crazy! " In this example, during a dinner, PM subtly changes the motivation for colleagues to meet against him, from bad personal relationships into material incentives.

Here's a list of more theories about "cognitive intolerance".

Self-perception theory

People's perception and discovery of their attitudes, emotions, and other internal states is partly achieved by observing their behavior in various situations.

Because internal clues are weak, vague and difficult to explain, people's self-awareness is the same as external observation, by inference.

Very abstract concept, isn't it? Well, let's just illustrate it by example.

A company's new app online, staff a recommended to his friends to download and trial, staff B recommended to his neighbor to try and give the neighbor 10 yuan tip. A friend of mine may feel that the app is doing a good job and it's interesting, but B's neighbors may think it's the same as the app, because the trial of neighbor B is based on money incentives. The same product, different recommendation methods, leads to different interpretations of the user's motivations for their use. There are examples in the office, such as Zhang three to persuade A and B two technology to agree with their proposal, a directly read the proposal was persuaded, B is the words after John invited him to eat dinner agreed. Then a May feel that John's proposal is indeed good, and b may feel that the meal is because of the material incentive to agree with a proposal, so may instead think John's proposal is not so good.

Uncoordinated before a decision is made

Everyone has a motivation to reduce internal conflict or to say no. Then there are two manifestations, one is the uncoordinated decision, the other is not coordinated after the decision, then the first example to explain what is not coordinated before the decision.

This is a simple example, for example: In some companies, those who have a special desire for power and people, always like to say "flat management" "democracy" "and employees are friends" and so on, to eliminate some of their own internal uncoordinated (moral values and their own inner desire of the uncoordinated).

No coordination after decision

Compared with the former, it is only the difference in time. Or by an example to illustrate.

Suppose that John's proposal was adopted and started to be implemented, if the probability of success of the proposal is judged by 7 points, 1 is the smallest probability, and 7 represents the maximum probability, then the success probability of the John proposal will be about 3 before the vote, and the average of the evaluation will rise to 5 after the vote.

In the case of a simple example, does the U.S. presidential election know? In contrast to voters before the polls, voters in the polls are more likely to believe that their chosen candidate is the best candidate and will win the election.

Memory and hindsight--a deviation

Many people believe that memory is a copy of our past experiences that we have stored in our memories, but not. The memory was built after we extracted it, and the reconstructed material is the logical inference that fills the missing details and some other relevant information (the reconstruction scenario).

What is an "ex-post-smart deviation"?

People who already know the results are going back to predicting an event, and they are predicting a higher probability than those who predicted it before the experiment.

Well, this thing can be illustrated with an example of what happened to me.

2005 I in the Hao side CG Forum sent a post, chat fighting game, when I said "street PA or KOF Next, will certainly use the cartoon rendering technology." However, no one believed me, then "Street Fighter 4" After the advent of the Forum on the "Cartoon rendering technology" in the field of fighting game application discussion.

Reduce the hindsight of the smart bias

Make accurate records and notes to improve the accuracy of memory reconstruction

Think more about what's going on in the past and what conditions might produce different results.