This article introduces DevOps engineers to the following 16 basic interview questions and answers to help you get a satisfactory offer through the interview.
17 Comparison between asset management and configuration management.
A: The process of monitoring and maintaining something valuable to an entity or group is called asset management. Configuration management refers to the process of controlling, identifying, planning, and verifying configuration items in services to support change management.
18 Can you state and explain the key elements of continuous testing?
A: The key elements of continuous testing include:
Advanced analysis-used to predict and predict unknown future events
Strategy analysis-means to improve the testing process
Requirements traceability – refers to the ability to describe requirements and the entire process from the origin of requirements to deployment
Risk assessment – methods or processes to identify hazards and risk factors that may cause potential damage
Service virtualization-allows the use of virtual services instead of production services. Simulate software components for simple testing
Test optimization-improve the overall test process
19 Please describe the core operations of DevOps in terms of development and infrastructure.
A: DevOps’ core operations in development and infrastructure are:
Application development – develop products that meet all customer requirements and provide superior levels of quality
Code Coverage-measures the total number of blocks, lines or arcs of code executed when running automated tests
Code development-prepare the code base required for product development
Configuration-use the product in the best way
Deploy-install software to be used by end users
Orchestration-Schedule some automated tasks
Packaging-Activities involved when the release is ready for deployment
Provisioning – ensuring that changes to the infrastructure arrive in time with the code that needs it
Unit testing-a method of testing a single unit or component
20 What do you know about DevOps?
Your answer must be simple and clear. First introduce the importance of
DevOps in the IT industry. Discuss how this approach aims to enable development and operations teams to work together to accelerate the delivery of software products with minimal failure rates. Including how DevOps becomes a value-added practice, development and operations engineers work together throughout the product or service life cycle (from the design stage to the deployment point).
21 Why has DevOps become prominent in recent years?
Before talking about the increasing popularity of
DevOps, please discuss the current industry situation. First, give an example of how large companies such as Netflix and Facebook can invest in DevOps to automate and accelerate application deployment, and how this can help them grow their business. Taking Facebook as an example, you will point to Facebook's continuous deployment and code ownership models, and how these models can help it scale up while ensuring the quality of experience. Hundreds of lines of code have been implemented without affecting quality, stability and security.
The next use case should be Netflix. The streaming and video-on-demand company follows a similar approach using fully automated processes and systems. Mention the user groups of these two organizations: Facebook has 2 billion users, while Netflix streams online content to more than 100 million users worldwide.
These are good examples of how
DevOps can help organizations ensure a higher release success rate, reduce lead time between bug fixes, simplify and continuously deliver through automation, and reduce labor costs overall.
22 What are the most popular DevOps tools? Do you have experience using these tools?
The more popular DevOps tools include:
selenium
ansible
git/gitlab
jenkins
docker
23 Do you want to master all these Devops tools?
Thoroughly describe any tool you have confidence in, its function and why you should use it. For example, if you have Git expertise, you can tell the interviewer that Git is a distributed version control system (VCS) tool that allows users to track file changes and revert to specific changes when needed. Discuss how Git's distributed architecture can bring more advantages to developers, so that developers can make changes locally, and can have the entire project history in their local Git repository, which can be shared with other team members in the future.
24 What is version control? Why use VCS?
Define version control and discuss how the system records any changes made to one or more files and saves them in a centralized repository. The VCS tool will help you recall the previous version and perform the following operations:
Look carefully at the changes made over a period of time, and then check what works and what doesn’t.
Restore specific files or specific items back to the old version.
Check for problems or errors due to specific changes
Using VCS provides developers with the flexibility to process specific files at the same time, and all modifications can be logically combined later.
25 Is there a difference between agile and DevOps? If yes, please explain.
As a DevOps engineer, I look forward to such interview questions. First describe the obvious overlap between DevOps and Agile. Although the implementation of DevOps is always synchronized with agile methods, there is a clear difference between the two. Agile principles are related to the seamless production or development of software. On the other hand,
DevOps handles development work and then deploys software to ensure faster turnaround time, minimum errors and reliability.
26 Why are configuration management processes and tools important?
Discuss multiple software builds, releases, revisions, and versions of each software or test software being developed. Continue to explain the need to store and maintain data, track development builds and simplify troubleshooting. Don't forget to mention the key CM tools that can be used to achieve these goals. Discuss how tools such as Puppet, Ansible, and Chef can help in automating software deployment and configuration on multiple servers.
27 How can Chef be used as a CM tool?
Chef is considered to be one of the industry's preferred CM tools. For example, Facebook migrated its infrastructure and back-end IT to the Chef platform. Explain how Chef can help you avoid delays by automating processes. These scripts are written in Ruby. It can integrate with cloud-based platforms and configure new systems. It provides many libraries for infrastructure development, which can be deployed in the software later. With its centralized management system, one Chef server is sufficient to serve as a center for deploying various strategies.
28 How do you explain the concept of "infrastructure as code" (IaC)?
It’s a good idea to talk about IaC, sometimes referred to as a programmable infrastructure, in which it is perceived in the same way as any other code. Describe how traditional infrastructure management methods have relegated to the second line, as well as manual configuration, and how the reliability of outdated tools and custom scripts has decreased. Next, focus on the benefits of IaC and how to use IaC to make IT infrastructure changes faster, safer, and easier. Including other benefits of IaC, such as applying conventional unit testing and integration testing to infrastructure configuration, and maintaining the latest infrastructure documentation.
If you have completed the Amazon Web Services (AWS) certification and are being interviewed for niche roles such as AWS-certified DevOps engineers, then you must prepare some of the following AWS DevOps interview questions:
29 What is the role of Alibaba Cloud in DevOps?
When asked this question during the interview, please directly explain that
Alibaba Cloud is a cloud-based service provided by Alibaba, which can ensure scalability through unlimited computing power and storage. Alibaba Cloud enables IT companies to develop and deliver complex products and deploy applications on the cloud. Some of its key services include Alibaba Cloud Elastic Computer Cloud. Discuss various cloud platforms and highlight any big data projects that you have used in the past with cloud infrastructure.
30 What are the success factors for continuous integration?
Maintain code base
Automated construction
Let build self test
Everyone submits the code to the baseline every day
Every commit (to the baseline) should be built
Keep building fast
Test in a pre-release environment
Easy access to the latest deliverables
Everyone can see the results of the latest version
Automated deployment
How do you practice DevOps in our company?
Reference answer: As a
DevOps engineer, I will manage the management objectives, agile delivery, and continuous integration of DevOps project management. Starting from the new triangle of agile project management, "Agile Project Management", we set goals together with the team to achieve simplification ITIL workflow, maintain agile DevOps management scope, research and introduce new technologies or frameworks, and implement global optimization from DevOps pipeline to realize the transformation from demand to workflow from the overall tool chain.
What is the role of configuration management tools in devops?
Reference answer: Configuration management tools refer to tools that support tasks such as configuration item identification, version control, change control, auditing, and status statistics. Automated configuration management tools can help
DevOps achieve a continuous pipeline of technical support foundations. Using the CM tool, you can help manage and store version, build, and configuration information about the system, software, and testing, and provide traceability between software and test software. Successful DevOps starts with configuration management.
