Experts rush to open four-agent prescription for Shanghai Enterprises

The Spring Festival of 2011 just passed, the Shanghai industry that appears "labor shortage" phenomenon. The author of the Morning Post reporter Li Wei labor shortage into the normal experts rush to open "four prescriptions" to the Shanghai Enterprise Enterprises should strengthen the technical training of peasant workers; to raise the wages of migrant workers appropriately, to care about migrant workers from the aspects of life and spirit, and to use the methods of planning career development for migrant workers to retain attractive people at the end of last year, Hangzhou Mayor Board Alley, a domestic service department mouth, posted "urgent hire nanny, pay the strength" of the signboard, Yangchangyu is in charge of the nanny for the shortage of the supply and worry.　　Similar scenes also occurred in many parts of the country, the beginning of Shanghai and the end of the regular "nanny shortage" also aroused concern. "Labor shortage" phenomenon began in the 2003 in China's local coastal areas, after seven or eight years of development by the local employment shortage to the overall shortage of employment development. Zhang Chewei, a researcher and deputy director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that China's inherent dual system of urban and rural areas is a deep-seated cause of labor shortages in the agricultural population. How to ensure that peasant workers enjoy the same social security and welfare as the urban population, so that they can move from flowing state to stable state is the most fundamental way to solve the tension between economic development and ordinary labor supply and demand, "and this requires all-round efforts." "2011 Spring Festival just past, the Shanghai industry that appears" labor shortage "phenomenon, Minhang, Yangpu, Fengxian and other parts of the processing enterprises production line operating rate less than half.　　In order to deal with the employment gap, after the spring Festival in Shanghai Some enterprises arranged nearly 400 long-distance bus to Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Hubei and other areas to carry local migrant workers back to work in Shanghai, still difficult to solve the problem of labor shortage.　　Unlike in the past, the phenomenon of "labor shortage" in the period of 2011 is associated with the shift of industry to the Midwest, the demographic change and the adjustment of social security system, and how to correctly understand and view the shortage of labor force, which determines the development and layout of the new Year in Shanghai.　　"Labor shortage" from the occasional gradually become the normal cause of this year's Shanghai enterprises Labor shortage is an important reason, is the return of the labor force. The first "labor shortage" occurred around 2003, when the "tide" impact of coastal cities for the first time to experience the pressure of imbalance in labor supply and demand.　　After each spring festival, "labor shortage" has become the focus of media and public opinion, and gradually from occasional cyclical changes to the normal. According to relevant statistics, China's 700 million rural population, the floating population of more than 200 million people, most of them migrant workers out of the group. According to statistics published by the National Bureau of Statistics, 2010 migrant workers in the country to 240 million, compared to the previous year increased by more than 4 million, of which, Shanghai migrant workers to participate in comprehensive insurance of 4.05 million, set a record high, which shows that the total number of migrant workers has not decreased. "Shanghai Migrant workers work Joint office head Zhao Jiande told The Morning Post reporter, leading to this year's Shanghai enterprises Labor shortage is an important reason, is the labor force appears back toFlow. The Spring Festival of 2011 just passed, the population output town of Chengdu, Chongqing, the two Governments have mobilized migrant workers to stay in the work of origin.　　According to media reports, Chongqing many enterprises in the sky Gate long-distance bus station, train North station, Chen Jia Ping long-distance bus station and so on, by pulling banners, leaflets, on-site counseling and other ways to do publicity, hoping to return to the Spring Festival migrant workers can stay in Chongqing after the Chinese New year to work. Zhongqing related departments are responding to high-level "intentions to retain migrant workers," The call to migrant workers to send consolation, promised to say: "100,000 electronic good post." Here not only has ample job position, has the income safeguard, has the public rent, the child admission and so on policy environment, but also can take care of the old person and the child close distance, eliminates the family's concern and the traveling rush, obtains the home the sense of belonging.　　"In addition, including Hubei, Hunan and other places also after the batch of job fairs, call for workers to stay home to look for opportunities." Corresponding to it, is the east coast into a "no work can recruit" embarrassing situation.　　After the Shanghai Hongkou Football stadium, Shanghai Talent Building, Shanghai Stadium, Pudong talent market at the same time held four large-scale job fairs, many enterprises pay 15% but still can not attract enough workers to come, "workers difficult to recruit" has become a recruitment unit collective reflection.　　Eastern income no longer attracts more and more migrant workers "vote with their feet", opting to stay at the lower cost of living at home, rather than the eastern coastal cities.　　Behind the return of labor, it is evident that the income of the East and the West is becoming more and more convergent, especially for the peasant workers group.　　According to a 2009 survey by the National Bureau of Statistics, migrant workers in the eastern region of the monthly income of 1455 yuan, the central region is 1389 yuan, the western region is 1382 Yuan, the eastern region than the western region is only 5% higher than 5 years ago slipped 10%. In fact, the income of migrant workers has been increasing. Wages for Chinese factory workers have been growing at double-digit rates for several years in 2007, according to British media reports.　　Yang, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, said in a forum in Shanghai that over the past 5-8 years, Chinese workers ' wages have risen faster than in the 80 and 90, and the average growth rate has been 7%~7.5% nationwide. But growth is not up to the CPI. The key reason, Zhao, a professor at the University School of Economics and Management, is that, in recent years, in the context of soaring prices, real wages have fallen, despite the growth in the nominal wage of migrant workers. Zhao that the root cause of "labor shortage" is "the current price level of labor shortage."　　Aggregate demand (for Labour) is rising too fast, while wage adjustments lag behind. Against this backdrop, more and more migrant workers are "voting with their feet", opting to stay at the lower cost of living, rather than the eastern coastal cities. Lu Xiaowen, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Sociology, said: "Although the overall income than in the eastern city of less work, but in the hometown of agriculture, transportation, housing and other life expenditure will be reduced a lot, the actual quality of life instead of the originalRose first.　　"Is Lewis turning point really coming?"　　Experts disagree, but whether the "Lewis inflection point" is really coming, China will continue to enter the "labor shortage" has become a fact.　　The ever-inexhaustible labour force is now getting tighter, and the "Lewis inflection point" seems to have really come. "From an economic point of view, when the rural surplus labor to the non-agricultural industry gradually transferred to the end of the moment, is the labor surplus to the shortage of turning point, this is the ' Lewis inflection." "Zuo, director of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Economic Institute, told the Morning Post Reporter:" If China appears ' Lewis inflection point ' phenomenon, is often a precursor to the disappearance of the demographic dividend. Meanwhile, the wages of primary workers and the cost of Labor will multiply, China's advantages of attracting foreign investment will gradually weaken, the impact on the development of various industries, and the trend is difficult to be reversed in the short term.　　Cai, director of the Institute of Population and Labor economics at Cass, has repeatedly stressed in the open field that China has entered the "Lewis inflection point". Cai that since 2000, the growth rate of the working-age population has begun to slow down rapidly, averaging only 1% per annum, and is expected to turn negative in 2015. "The current urban economic growth needs of the labor supply mainly from rural areas, because the rural working age population growth rate is also slowing, according to estimates, to 2015 years after the working age population negative growth, than the total population negative growth more than 10 years ahead."　　"Cai said. But a different opinion was raised. Zhigang, dean of the School of Economics at Fudan University, says wages and labour market prices are complex and that changes are influenced by multiple factors such as systems and policies, and that the dynamic process is gradual. "According to a model that has problems of its own, it is likely to come to the wrong conclusion." It is unconvincing to conclude that the inflection point has been reached by a shortage of labour and rising wages. "Whether the Lewis inflection point is really coming, but China will continue to enter the" labor shortage "has become a fact.　　How to continue to develop in the case of the increasing labor gap is the key to the future of Shanghai and other eastern cities.　　How does Shanghai deal with the normal "labor shortage"?　　In recent years, the income of migrant workers has been rising, the average income of migrant workers in Shanghai has risen from about 1500 yuan last year to about 2000 yuan. "Labor shortage" is a good phenomenon, indicating that the Chinese industry is shifting, indicating that the current adverse conditions for migrant workers have changed the hope that the former two generations of migrant workers can not be educated, intergenerational transmission of poverty may be reversed. "The labor shortage" is the normal phenomenon of industrial transfer, and the current industrial transfer mainly refers to the middle and low-end manufacturing industry transferring from the east to the Midwest.　　One of the representative nodes, is the world's largest foundry enterprises Foxconn's inland migration. Part of the view is that the emergence of "labor shortage" and sustainable development, the most direct role is to increase the employment of enterprises to improve treatment, and accelerate industrial upgrading, and ultimately ensure the income of migrant workers to increase, to a certain extent, to alleviate the gap in social distributionThe problem. "That's a good thing. "Some people are always worried that the demographic dividend is gone and labor costs are rising," said Grong, director of the think-tank's economic consultancy. "In fact, the sweatshops should make it disappear." The labor force has appreciated, what is the fear, China's economy will be lost? I don't think so. China has to develop ahead.　　"So, how should Shanghai deal with the normal" labor shortage "? Zhao Jiande, head of the joint office of Shanghai Peasant Workers ' work, suggested in order to retain talents to attract talents, enterprises should do a few things: first, to strengthen the technical training of migrant workers, the second is to improve the wages of migrant workers, the third is from the life, spirit and other aspects of concern for migrant workers; Four is to use human resources management methods to retain people attractive,　　This includes planning career development for peasant workers and making migrant workers feel the prospect of development. "The government has also done a lot of work and guidance in this area, the most representative of which is ' two lines ': The minimum wage guarantee line and the wage growth guide line."　　Zhao Jiande said that in recent years, the income of migrant workers has been rising, the current average income of migrant workers in Shanghai has risen from about 1500 yuan last year to about 2000 yuan. Cai, director of the Institute of Population and Labor economics of Cass, suggested speeding up industrial upgrading. "According to international experience, it is often at this time that traditional advantage industries are transferred to countries with cheaper labour costs, the so-called wild model." However, because of China's vast size, regional development level and resource endowment difference is huge, therefore, the Midwest region because it will still maintain a relatively low salary for a period of time, can undertake the labor-intensive industry of coastal zone transfer, and will gradually become a new manufacturing center. Cai said, "Coastal areas should be ' labor shortage ' as an opportunity to speed up industrial upgrading and transfer and the Midwest industry to undertake, will jointly complete the task of industrial structure optimization, to maintain sustainable economic growth." Zhigang, dean of the School of Economics, Fudan University, from the point of view of the Government, analyzed the measures to deal with "labor shortage".　　Zhigang said that the Chinese economy should continue to grow, the labor force should be further shifted. "The manufacturing industry in the east of China should not be moved prematurely, and the eastern manufacturing industry needs to continue to be clustered to a higher industrial level." In order to promote the continuous transfer of labor force, we must start from household registration, equalization of public products, housing security and the right of homestead. The increasing equalization of social security, public goods, education and medical care can increase labor productivity. On the other hand, the urban elements to enter the countryside and agriculture, the rapid modernization of the agricultural sector, and the degree of modernization than manufacturing, services, which is the future of China's hope.　　"Zhigang said. Lewis inflection point by Nobel economics prize winner Lewis in 1954, refers to the economic development in the early days, the rural labor Supply Unlimited, ordinary labor wages can remain unchanged for a long time, but with the economic development, with the deepening of the industrialization process, the rural surplus labor, wages on the high rise. At the critical inflection point, wages will rise sharply and accelerate.