How does the Internet enterprise use the good financial lever?

10 forms and functions of Internet finance

Internet finance is a new field which combines traditional financial industry and internet spirit. Internet finance refers to a combination of electronic commerce and financial industry, which transcends traditional finance and securities, insurance and mixed finance "one-stop" to meet customer consumption, investment, financial management, financing, collection and other "support" and "collect" currency liquidity application needs of the new financial industry. In a broad sense, the financial sector with the spirit of the Internet is collectively called Internet Finance.

From the current point of view, the Internet finance mainly includes nine kinds of forms.

Internet Finance Form one: E-commerce transaction payment channel. The main responsibility for Internet transactions to provide payment tools, secured transactions and capital flow channel functions. such as Alipay, wealth Qualcomm, UnionPay online, fast money, remit the world and so on. Its financial lever function is the capital flow precipitate finance.

Internet Financial Form II: Financial product sales. such as Alibaba in Alipay on the launch of "Balance treasure" service, that is, Alipay account balance value-added services. Alipay users can transfer funds into the balance after the automatic purchase of Tianhong Money fund, money funds can still be used to buy goods. The current balance treasure accounts for more than 16 million users, the cumulative purchase of the Monetary Fund is more than 130 billion. Its financial leverage function for financial products sales channel Finance.

The Internet financial form three: the Securities electricity dealer. Including securities dealers and electric dealers of securities. The former such as the Great Wall securities since the establishment of the online mall, the state letter, Guotai use of mobile terminals to develop a "one-stop" financial management services, investment, CITIC Development online account, Everbright, Hongyuan Securities and bank docking, distribution of banking products. The latter like a flush to obtain the fund's third party sales license, great wisdom to apply for independent fund sales qualifications. NET is ready to carry out electronic brokerage business. Its financial benchmarking function for the securities brokerage Internet finance.

Internet Financial Form IV: Cross-border payment of electronic commerce. As in March this year, the Foreign Exchange bureau issued the "payment agencies Cross-border e-commerce foreign exchange Payment business pilot guidance," decided in Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Shenzhen and other sites to carry out the pilot. The participating payment agencies are allowed to focus on Cross-border collection and settlement transactions for E-commerce clients. In September, the State administration of foreign exchange issued a pilot licence to carry out foreign exchange operations for Cross-border electric dealers, including Alipay, fast money, oriental payments, and 17 third party payment agencies receiving the first batch of licences. Financial leverage functions for cross-border E-commerce to provide different countries consumers use different currencies to pay the exchange business, Cross-border e-commerce funds flow channel finance.

Internet Finance Form V: Peer-to-peer (Peer to peer or person to person, personal to personal, peer-to-peer Loan, everyone loans) Internet credit. such as the letter, Lu Jin, Pat Credit, everyone loans, Red Ridge venture, joint loans, such as the rise of a number of industry leaders. As of the end of 2012, the national scale of Peer-to-peer loan service platform more than 200, the estimated year 2012 Peer-to-peer industry loan scale in 500~600 billion, more than 300% per cent growth over the previous year. The function of financial leverage is credit finance.

Internet Finance Form VI: Public financing (crowdfunding). Refers to the form of "buy + advance", the consumer initiated the purchase of products and put forward some DIY flexible demand to the manufacturers, and the manufacturers to raise project funds from consumers, from the time of order, you can give the entire production scheduling and product tracking. The use of the Internet and SNS (Social Networking services, that is, social network service) the characteristics of the dissemination of (millions of people watching, millions of people to participate in the spread of millions of people), so that small businesses, artists or individuals to the public to show their creativity, to enlist the attention and support of all To obtain the necessary financial assistance. The financial leverage function is the Internet direct financing finance.

Internet Financial Form VII: financial large data mining. such as Ali Financial Planning, based on cloud computing large open platform "cornucopia" plan. Aliyun and Alipay prepared jointly for the domestic more than 2000 regional small banks output cloud services capabilities. Aliyun provides cloud computing resources and network environment for regional banks, while Alipay provides substantial support in financial technology and services. At present, 5 banks have cooperated and signed cooperation agreements with nearly 30 banks. The function of financial leverage is to provide data mining services for financial institutions by using Internet Platform transaction data, and to obtain the benefit of data value-added services.

Internet Finance form Eight: Set up Internet bank. such as traditional 3C retail giant Su Ning applied for the establishment of private banks. The goal of Suning's establishment of private banks is to expect to establish End-to-end financial solutions from consumers to merchants. Tencent has submitted applications from private banks. Another industry, including Fosun Group, auspicious aviation, etc. also apply for the establishment of private banks. Its financial leverage function is banking finance.

Internet Financial Form IX: Personal financial Center. such as Alipay is out of the simple payment tool, rising to more sticky than the bank and Taobao personal life "attachment", banks, funds, insurance, but also to Alibaba through credit loans, management of all their bank accounts, pay personal income tax, collect or pay rent ... With this accumulation of many levels of data, and then by Alipay monthly to individual users to produce the system automatically generated personal financial reports, and finally form personal credit data, to achieve binding customer lifetime "personal financial center" goal. Its financial lever function is the user whole life cycle viscous finance.

The above nine kinds of internet finance forms, is the Internet finance by the financial industry state simple, the shallow guarantee transaction and the payment channel gradually to the complex, the deep credit, the financing, again to the institutional and the Personal financial Center progressive, the thorough development and the evolution process. Internet finance began to form a new financial industry which surpassed the traditional finance, securities and insurance mixed finance, "one-stop" to meet customer consumption, investment, financial management, financing, collection and other "support" and "collect" currency liquidity application demand.

Traps and mistaken ideas of "sport-style" establishment of private banks

Private banks are the modern financial enterprises that are controlled and operated by private capital, with the rights, responsibilities and benefits unified, and are engaged in financial business with the people, the people, the people and the people. At present, private capital has arisen the upsurge of applying for the establishment of private banks. But behind the upsurge, there are some traps and misunderstandings.

Trap and misunderstanding one: supervision pressure. "Pilot private banks supervision and management measures (discussion draft)" has completed the report to the CBRC, and by the CBRC as a "model", as the formulation of the national version of the important reference. "Method", the establishment of the threshold of private banks, shareholder qualification, equity changes, corporate governance and institutional revocation have made comprehensive provisions. Among them, the establishment of private banks in the "measures" can only be set up in the provincial area of business provisions. Because of the restriction of regional operation, it is impossible to carry out national resource deployment, and the spreads of private banks will be basically fixed and the profit will be difficult to do. At the same time as a regional bank, the direct competition of private banks, will be large and medium-sized banks and city firms, and the city firm and the local government relations are very good, private banks of the short board is obvious. Even if national operations are approved, their beginnings involve only a few regions. However, in the regulatory indicators, will be the same as the requirements of the national banks, are subject to capital adequacy ratio, reserve coverage, loan-to-deposit ratio and other attributes constraints, then the private banks of the wind control personnel, wind control framework, models and so on all have to keep up, which is invisible to the private banks of pressure.

Trap and misunderstanding two: private banks encounter internet financial savage growth rivals. After the last round of financial reform in China, especially in the beginning of July this year, financial countries issued 10, private funds have applied for the establishment of private banks, such as the owner of the Huafeng spandex, Hua two listed companies in Wenzhou Huafeng Group submitted a private bank application; Beijing Zhongguancun Management Committee proposed the establishment of Zhongguancun bank in early August; Gree electric appliances, Shanshan shares, Suningyun business, bowling Bao, such as a number of listed companies to join the formation of private banks, Suningyun, Tencent, etc. also submitted the establishment of private banks application ... But for private banks to attract capital, the first thing to face is the brutal growth of the internet industry, fierce competition. Different from other commodity products, financial products are simple and homogeneous. Therefore, regardless of line online is to see the rate of return, the customer based on profitability and risk choices, in general, customers choose a high interest rate and low risk products. The fierce competition in internet finance is evidenced by the rising yield. At present, Baidu launched the expected yield of 8% of the fund wealth management products, 1 yuan for sale. Prior to this, Alibaba's "balance treasure" with its 4~5% rate of return to dominate the market, its money fund purchase has reached 130 billion yuan, met the pursuers and strong opponents. Internet financial enterprises to fight each other to fight the customer's killer, only one, is to raise the yield to overwhelm opponents, private banks were born to encounter the Internet financial rivals.

Pitfalls and misunderstandings: the risk of institutional deficiencies is improved. Because of the lack of deposit insurance and loan guarantee system in our country, the risk of private bank will be promoted. At present, the interest rate is tightly controlled by the state, the private banks pay interest to customers and big state-owned banks, large and medium-sized banks slightly higher deposit interest rate, will be like a stone suck into a lot of capital, customers will first priority to choose state-owned banks, which will cause private banks deposit difficulties. The private banks under the brand weakness can only showmanship with high interest rate, and the high interest rate showmanship can only invest in High-yield products, thus entering the curse of high risk. Therefore, the lack of system makes the private bank risk is high and the profit space is narrow, all these will be the challenge to the private bank. In accordance with the requirements of the State Council and the thinking of the regulatory layer, the establishment of banks for the public capital has stressed the "risk from the shoulder." That is to ask the promoters to bear joint and several liability for other risks, and to make appropriate payments to the depositor, so as to avoid the failure of business to damage the interests of depositors, creditors and taxpayers.

Pitfalls and misunderstandings four: traditional banks fight against the fierce competition in the market. As Internet companies enter the banking industry, traditional banks have also begun to enter the Internet, making a strong "counterattack". Many banks have been developing and launching internet-based or mobile clients of financial innovation products, such as the construction Bank launched the online mall, Citic Bank launched the "Internet bank", China Merchants Bank launched a "micro-trust Bank", Minsheng Bank launched "mobile banking" and so on. The advantage of Internet finance is customer and data, the advantage of the bank lies in product and offline experience, therefore, the traditional bank in the coping strategies, the development trend is O2O, namely from the line, line two aspects, such as online development of the Bank of the electric business, direct marketing Bank, offline to do community banking, and ultimately solve the channel access and customer resource data. Therefore, in the face of traditional banks into the internet finance, private banks will face a more competitive environment.

How to use financial lever in Internet enterprises

1, financial leverage and risk control balance. The ratio of financial leverage is the sum of its own physical capital and its leveraged transaction capital, which is usually set by its own physical capital as L. Simply put, financial leverage is a multiplication, using this tool to magnify the results of investment. Whether the end result is a return or a loss, it will increase in a fixed proportion. The financial leverage ratio has a certain security scope in the financial field, the higher the financial leverage ratio, the greater the financial risk. In the Internet financial era, the change is only the channel of capital flow, speed and the way of investment and financing, not change the risk of capital flow. Therefore, both financial institutions and investors involved in the financial sector, must carefully analyze and weigh the investment projects, financial products in the expectation of earnings, the risks encountered. The use of financial leverage this tool cash flow spending may increase, otherwise the capital chain once broken, even if the final result may be huge gains, investors must be out of the early.

2, highlighting the "small micro" service geo-characteristics. After years of reform and development, the overall competitive relationship between large and medium-sized enterprises and urban financial services in China is basically formed. However, the supply of primary financial services for small and "three agriculture" in some areas is still obviously insufficient, and the interest rate is often controlled by the fund supplier. The private capital initiates to set up small and medium-sized, community-type private banks and adjust the financial supply structure, which can provide the necessary competitive financial services for the real economy, especially the small micro enterprises and the "three farmers". Private banks in the early development of the local, the local reality, the borrower's economic background, family background and so have a more in-depth understanding. Compared to big banks, these small banks are inherently incapable of competing for big customers, based on the "geo" characteristics of small and medium-sized community-owned banks in the day-to-day operation, focus on "small" is its choice, information collection and screening costs are lower, information more fully and symmetrical, easy and small enterprises to maintain long-term stable financing relations, Also more conducive to good risk control. Of course, the "geo" factor is much more restrictive to lenders.

3, Mobile Internet finance is preferred. The future of electronic commerce from the PC to the mobile end of the development is a must trend. In the traditional banks have set up mobile banking, micro-credit Bank, the development and promotion of the Bank app, the private banks to achieve the curve overtaking, in the physical stores and sales network is not yet a sound implementation, can only seize the initiative of mobile Internet finance, increase the investment in mobile internet business, technology first. such as the opening of water, electricity, gas, property and other community convenience mobile phone fee business, even if the initial business will form a loss, but also to attract passenger flow, increase customer stickiness.

4. Large data accumulation and excavation. The essence of banking business is risk sharing and risk control, which are based on large data analysis. To establish the competitive advantage and evade the financial risk, the private bank must regard the large data accumulation and excavation as the core Foundation project of the Enterprise development. As one of the largest retail outlets in China, suning with 3C manufacturers ' profitability and accurate profitability, these data accumulate large numbers of credit support for truly profitable vendors, which provide the foundation for Suning's expectation of an end-to-end financial solution from consumers to merchants.

The influence of Internet finance on the development of electric business

Based on the current Ali, Tencent, Baidu, Suningyun, Sina and other internet giants have dabbled in internet finance, internet finance on the development of the electric business has a significant and far-reaching impact, the future development trend of the electric business has become apparent. The first is that internet finance will be the strategic field that the electric business platform competes to enter, is also the core of the competitiveness. Second, the sale of finance and its innovative products will become one of the most important categories in the sale of goods and services by the electric business platform. Third, financial mobility, mobile finance or mobile finance is the inevitable direction of the future Internet, including the development of traditional banking business. Four is based on the mutual infiltration of electronic commerce and financial industry to form the integration of beyond the traditional financial, securities, insurance division until the mixed financial "one-stop" to meet customer consumption, investment, financial management, financing, collection and other "support" and "collection" of currency liquidity application needs of the super mixed financial industry will gradually appear.

As the capital flow is the core of any group or individual production life, the super mixed internet finance based on mobile e-business will make capital flow faster, more efficient and more transparent, and the overall efficiency of society and People's quality of life will be greatly improved.