Wang Jiandong: A statistical study on the development level of modern information services in China, America and Europe

This article is one of the results of the second National Economic Survey of the State Council, "the International Comparative study on the development of information service industry".

Wang Jiandong, Male, 1982 student, Ph. D., research assistant of Information Research Department of National Information Center, two director of network Government Research Center of National Information Center, study direction: network user behavior and Government Information service innovation.

Dong Nanan, Female, 1989 health, National Information Center Information Research Department, Research direction: Public policy Research, E-government.

1 Introduction

Since the second half of the 20th century, with the rapid development of information technology and the dominant position of service economy in the global economic structure, the cross between information technology industry and service economy has become the source of the new economic form, which has become the historical background to promote the development of modern information service industry.

Because the information service industry is a transverse industry which is produced in the cross zone of many industries, its industrial boundary is fuzzy and the industrial form is more complicated, so the quantitative research on the development level and industrial structure of information service industry has aroused the researchers ' concern. As early as 1982, the National Technical Information Service Network (nationaltechnical Information Services, NTIS) of the Information Service agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce issued the "U.S. Information Services Competitiveness Assessment Report" [2]. 1986, Zokeje (P.I. Zorkoczy) [3] The editor of the "global structure of electronic Information Services" report published, which I have seen earlier on the information services industry structure of the systematic description of the literature. In 1989, the European Commission launched a plan to standardize the collection and dissemination of reliable data on the development of the European Information Services industry, known as Information market observation (information harsh observatory, in response to the discrepancy between the data on online information services research) IMO) program. Since the operation of the scheme, a number of statistical reports on the operation of the information services market in the EU region have been published [4]-[5]. Since then, many achievements have been applied to the quantitative analysis of industry data, such as M. Read ET [6] to the United Kingdom, a.b. Lopes [7] to Brazil, S. Filder [8] Research on the development of information services in the Caribbean.

However, just as T. "The information industry is so difficult to define and classify that it has never had a yearbook to sum up its past laws and analyze its future trends," Carol[9 said, recalling the study of the information industry. In the same way, researchers from different disciplines, different industries and different departments have great differences in the understanding of the industry boundary of information Service industry. This makes although the information service industry has been the focus of the industry and academia since the last century 7 and 80, the knowledge of the information service industry by different countries and different professional backgrounds is often "elephant", which has a very different understanding of industrial boundary and industry extension. It is a lack of objective and credible industry data to support the researcher's rigorous economic research in the information service industry.

Based on the analysis of the definition standard of information service industry in China and abroad, this paper makes a reconsideration on the industry of Information service in the spirit of reference absorption, in order to get a more reasonable and scientific information Service industry scope and division plan. On the basis of this programme, we further compared the 24 countries in the United States and the European Union region, and proposed a country-specific control scheme for the industry of information services. Based on this, the basic data of the development of information service industry in China, America and Europe are collected and analyzed.

2 Data analysis methods

2.1 The definition and division of Information Service industry

Information service refers to the social and economic behavior of the service providers to help the information users to solve the problems with their unique strategies and content. From the view of the labor nature of laborers, such behavior includes production behavior, management behavior and service behavior. Therefore, the industry division of Information Services should be based on the production process of information service as the main line, and the characteristics of information service as the quality of information services [10]. F.W Horton, an expert on information resources management, has suggested that information is a life-cycle resource. In his view, Information lifecycle (Information Lifecycle) refers to the natural law of Information movement, which is generally composed of the determination of information demand and the production, collection, transmission, processing, storage and utilization of information resources. Thus, the theory of production process of information service is based on the theory of life cycle of information, the basic activities of information service and the life cycle theory of information are basically corresponding, for example, the research links correspond to the process of information adoption and transmission, Value-added processing links correspond to the processing and utilization of information and so on. Thus, the production process of information service industry and the information lifecycle theory are intrinsically corresponding.

Based on the above analysis, this article takes the information service industry from the transmission, processing to analysis and provision of different aspects of the characteristics of the basis, and based on the National Statistical Office 2002 edition of the National Economic Industry Classification System (GB/T4754-2002), proposed the following information Services Division framework:

In addition, in 2013, the National Bureau of Statistics recently promulgated the High-tech Industry (service) Classification standard [11], the High-tech service industry divided into 9 categories such as information services. Among them, information service is divided into three categories: Information Transmission service, information Technology Service, digital content and related service. It can be seen that the industrial division focuses on the information service industry and the Internet, digital publishing and other related High-tech parts, but does not include information intermediaries, information consulting and other traditional information services. Therefore, this paper fully absorbs the views of the above proposals, but does not directly adopt the program to carry out follow-up studies.

2.2 Comparison of information services in different regions

In order to facilitate the comparative analysis of the development of information service in different countries, it is necessary to construct a control system of information service industry in different country based on the Information Service Industry Division scheme proposed in this paper. And because each country has its own industry classification system, and the respective statistical data according to the National Industry Classification system for classification and coding, if the direct analysis and comparison of national industry classification system, and try to locate a scientific control relationship, very cumbersome and difficult to achieve good results. In view of this, this article identifies the following industry-wide control scenarios:

First of all, in the comparison of industry scope of different country, make maximum use of the industry standard comparison program that the authoritative statistic Department of each country provides, guarantee the objectivity and credibility of the research result. At present, the National Bureau of Statistics released the 2002 edition of "National Economy Industry Classification" and "International Standard Industry Classification" (ISIC 3.1) table, and the National Statistical Bureau has drawn up the national Industry Classification system and the "International Standard Industry Classification" (ISIC 3.1) control rules. In contrast to different country industries, the United Nations classification system can be used as a springboard to compare China's industry classification to the United Nations Industry classification, and then from the United Nations Industry classification to various countries ' industry classification. This article collects the different country industry classification comparison table is as follows:

Second, because of the varying thickness of the industry data provided by countries, some provide small data (such as the United States), and some only provide the medium class data (such as the EU). In doing industry comparisons, it is not possible for all countries to be accurate to the small class level, can only be refined to a small class level, the individual difficult to distinguish the middle class as the comparison unit. In conclusion, it is the bottom line to ensure the completeness and mutual cross of the four categories of information services.

Third, various industry classification conversion schemes are based on the principle of guaranteeing the data integrity of the converted party to the maximum. In other words, in the event that one by one is not possible, the data of the converted party is first guaranteed to be fully projected into the converted party. As an example of the ISIC3.0 to NAICS 2002 from the United States Bureau of Statistics, ISIC3.0 's 2211 classes did not exactly match the NAICS2002 category. But some of the categories (such as 339999, etc.) are not all of the 2211 categories, and only part of the business (Globes) belongs to 2211 categories (such as Table 3). In the specific operation, but also in accordance with the various types of small range of carefully screened.

Four, because the classification of ISIC is more coarse, so in the process from the 2002 edition "national Economy Industry Classification" to "International Standard Industry Classification" (ISIC 3.1), it is a convergent process that many small classes needing gb/t4754-2002 correspond to a small class of ISIC. The table below shows the framework structure comparison between the National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T4754-2002) and the ISIC 3.1, and it can be seen that gb/t4754-2002 is nearly twice times more than ISIC 3.1 at the class level:

In the further conversion of ISIC to other criteria (such as NAICS), it is often necessary to have a class corresponding to several small classes, which is a diffusion process. Take the gb/t4754-2002 from our country to the United Nations ISIC 3.1, and then to the North American NAICS 2002 transition process, in which the United Nations ISIC 6420 Telecommunications, which clearly embodies the first "convergence", after the "diffusion" process, as shown in table 5:

In this case, cannot enlarge the industry one by one correspondence, therefore also must in our country's industry classification and target country's industry classification's approximate scope to determine, further discriminant each of these small class can belong to this category, does not belong to or at the same time belongs to other class data, must be eliminated.

The following figure shows the technical roadmap used by this study in international comparisons of the Information services industry:

Based on the above research ideas, this paper compares the information service industry sectors of the United Nations (Isic/rev.3), the European Union (NACE 2.0), the United States (NAICS 2007) and Brazil (Cnae 1.0) and other countries and regions, The definition of the information services industry in China and the United States is as follows [12]:

(Responsible editor: Mengyishan)