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Some traceroute & tracert usage traceroute is a routing tool used to track data packets arriving at the network host. traceroute is a gateway tool used to send packets between the host and the target host. The principle of traceroute is to try to

Basic Introduction to IPv6 (2) -- how to configure IPv6 addresses? IPv6 address = prefix + Interface ID prefix: equivalent to the network ID Interface ID in the IPv4 address: equivalent to the host ID in the IPv4 address l manual configuration: You

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) encapsulates IP datagram on a serial link, it is a link control protocol for establishing, configuring, and testing data links and its network control protocol system for different network layer protocols. 1. PPP data

RIP Protocol troubleshooting 01. What protocol does RIP transmit information and what mechanism is used to calculate the optimal route? RIP updates route information based on UDP port 520 using the BELLMEN-FORD algorithm. The basic principle is to

Program implementation is required to change the network adapter's working mode. software such as Sniffer generally uses the network adapter to set the network adapter to the hybrid mode to obtain data packets. After the network adapter is set to

Data communication and network note-the data link layer must combine bits into frames and make the frames identifiable. In the data link layer, a message from the source end to the destination end is separated by adding the Sending address and

SOCKET, TCP/UDP, HTTP, FTP (1) TCP/UDP, SOCKET, HTTP, FTP analysis TCP/IP is a protocol group, which can be divided into three levels: network layer, transmission layer, and application layer: IP protocol, ICMP protocol, ARP protocol, RARP protocol,

TCP checksum offload: during the recent network protocol analysis, it was found that the WireShark displays some data packets sent by the local machine, incorrect Checksum, and prompts maybe caused by "TCP checksumoffload" Goole to search, you can

ICMPv6 and ICMPv6 include error messages and notification messages. Error message: 1. Inaccessible destination; 2. Too large data packet; 3. Timeout; 4. parameter error. Notification Message: 1. Requests are sent; 2. Echo response; 1. multicast

The service link layer of the data link layer is the lowest layer of the protocol stack. It is used to transmit network layer datagram to a node through a single link node in the path, different links on the path may have different link layer

GNS Frame Relay configuration and Frame Relay environment setupTo build the network environment as shown in, we use the GNS simulator to buildStep 1:Step 2: configure the frame-relay-switch ports as follows: the Methods configured in 1, 4, and 5 are

The external gateway protocol RGP 1. Introduction The external Gateway Protocol BGP is called the Border Gateway Protocol. Why does the external gateway not use the internal gateway protocol? The main difference is that BGP uses different

Configure the KEYip OSPF authentication-key ciscosetp2 ospf interface to enable authentication under the ospf process of ospf virtual link authentication area 1 area 0 authenticationsetp3 enable authentication area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3

Network Management and experiment (the route command and ip command are implemented respectively) A network-related file [plain] [root @ serv01 data] # vim/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 [root @ serv01 data] # cd/etc/sysconfig/network-

Data communication and network note-congestion control in TCP 1. The size of the congestion window sender window depends not only on the receiver, but also on network congestion. The sender has two types of information: the size of the window

UDP Protocol Introduction UDP transmission is very similar to IP transmission. You can regard UDP as an interface that exposes the IP protocol to the transport layer. UDP also transmits data packets in the form of "Best Effort", so UDP is also

Timeout resend analysis when the sender sends a TCP segment, the timer starts and waits for the ACK Reply of the TCP segment. If the receiver correctly receives the ordered fragments, the receiver uses the ACK fragments to reply to the sender. After

ARP protocol usageBecause IP packets are sent in Ethernet packets, we must know two addresses at the same time, one is the MAC address of the other and the other is the IP address of the other. Generally, the IP address of the other party is known,

Use the Ping command to verify that TCP/IP works properly. To do this, enter the following command at the command prompt to Ping the loop address (127.0.0.1): ping 127.0.0.1 you should receive a response similar to the following: Pinging 127.0.0.1

TCP transmission connection establishment and release detailsTCP transmission connection is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol. Therefore, a transmission connection must be established between the two parties before any data is sent to