A little-known treasure of Windows systems

Window All users here record the Windows user and the user's personal settings for the Start menu and desktop information.

Command has many common DOS commands in this directory, such as debug, format, and so on. Do not underestimate these old Lianpo ah, in many critical moments still depend on them yo.
Config is used to store hardware configuration files in Windows.
Cursors This is the directory where the Windows cursor resides.
Desktop In addition to the "My Computer", "My Documents" several system icons outside of the other programs and documents created by the desktop shortcuts will be found in this area. If you delete an icon here, the icon on the desktop will be deleted accordingly. If you have a file on your desktop, it is actually stored in this folder.
Downloaded program Files This directory is stored on the Internet download Dongdong temporary files.
Favorites stores the contents of a favorite folder. Fonts This is the directory where the font files for windows are stored. To install a font, simply copy the font file directly to the directory.
　　
Help to store Windows assistance files.
　　
History The default state, you can keep your nearly 20 days of IE operation Record.
　　
Media stores the sound files for Windows systems, which are stored here, such as Microsoft's signature music Microsoft Sound, which was issued at the end of Windows startup.
　　
Offline Web Pages store files for offline browsing.
　　
Recent this is the document call history that corresponds to the menu of the Start menu Chinese file. It records the path of your most recently opened documents and pictures to make it easy for users to quickly open the most recently used documents.
　　
SendTo This directory corresponds to the "destination" when using the "Send to" command for a file. You can add shortcuts to the folders you use in them, and you don't have to grab your mouse to look around when you copy files later.
　　
Start menu corresponds to the Start menu of Windows, which can be managed directly in the directory.
　　
Start Menu\Programs The program that starts the menu.
　　
Start menu\programs\ starts autorun.
　　
INF INF driver script folder.
　　
Other INF driver script folder.
　　
Wallpaper Web page Background folder.
　　
Sysbckup The System files backup folder.
　　
System and System32 These are two important systems folders that store important information such as system files and hardware drivers for Windows.
　　
Tasks here corresponds to the scheduled task of Windows, the added task will be found in this area.
　　
Temp is primarily used to store directories of temporary files that are generated when operations such as decompression, setup, and so on are performed. Be careful to clean up and avoid temporary files taking up long hard disk space.
　　
Temporary Internet files is also the directory where the pro files are stored, unlike the temporary files that are generated when browsing the Web page. It can speed up the browsing speed of the Web page, but too much space to be cleaned up regularly.
　　
Web This is about storing something web-related. A picture of the blue sky and white clouds in the Explorer bar when you view the Web in Resource Manager, a channel screen saver in the screen saver, and Web pages that are not found in IE browsing, are stored here.
Application Data application directory.

Second, document article

Arp.exe TCP/IP address resolution tool.
　　
Asd.exe automatically skips the driver. This program can be used to check the system in the boot process errors and provide the appropriate solution. When there is a serious problem with the system, you can detect the cause of the failure and choose whether or not to skip the driver that it considers "the culprit".
　　
Calc.exe Calculator.

Cdplayer.exe a CD player with Windows.
　　
Charmap.exe character mapping table. If you want to enter a symbol similar to "①" in Notepad, you can easily resolve it by using the character Map.
　　
Cleanmgr.exe the Disk Cleanup program. When you don't have enough disk space, use this program to help you quickly erase the ^ ^ files on your disk.
　　
Clipbrd.exe the Clipboard Viewer. If the contents of the Clipboard are too large, a large amount of memory is consumed. Use this program to view and delete the contents of the Clipboard.
　　
Clspack.exe Windows packaging Software. Use this tool to compress files.
　　
Control.exe calls the Control Panel program. When used without parameters can start [Control Panel], If you use the command line followed by a control project file name (. cpl type, which can be found in the system directory, opens a specific control, and if you empty one and add a numeric code that begins with a comma, you can go directly to a column in a specific control (the first column of the control is a number 0). Example: When you enter control desk.cpl at the Run command line, the Show Properties/Settings window will be paged out after 3. With it, even the simplest batch program can easily open [Control Panel] To adjust the system settings when writing its own program. This is much easier than the obscure RunDll32.exe.
　
Cvtaplog.exe Disk Defragmenter assistant.

Defrag.exe the defragmentation program. Run this program to eliminate disk fragmentation in the selected partition.

Dialer.exe Phone Dialer. Run the program to open the Phone Dialer window.

Directcc.exe Direct Cable Connection program. Using a direct cable connection, you can easily and quickly between the two computers directly using the serial port and the connecting port.

Drvspace.exe disk space management program. Run the program to compress and decompress the disk.

Drwatson.exe Watson (Dr.Watson), whenever a system error occurs, can take snapshots of the system to diagnose, and can intercept software errors and provide detailed error reason, but also on the diagnosis of the issue of operational recommendations. This is the WIN98 system diagnostics, designed the program's original intention, mainly to help Microsoft technicians, remote Maintenance system for you. After running it, the taskbar appears in the lower right corner of the "Doctor" icon (that is, the head with a stethoscope, posturing "foreigner"), "hard hit" it two, immediately will jump out of a busy window, for your "Love Ji" Check the body. Soon a report comes out, and this is the current moment of your system snapshot. It contains three types of software environment information, which is running tasks, drivers, loaded 16-bit modules, and is actually a simplified version of the information provided by [System Information] (Msinfo32.exe). Its advantage is convenient and quick, and can save as log file (. wlg extension), which is advantageous to check the system before and after the problem.

Dvdplay. EXE DVD Playback Program

DXDIAG. EXE DirectX Diagnostics Tool program.

Emm386.exe Extended memory Management program.

Explorer.exe resource Manager. Running the program starts the explorer.

Extrac32.exe CAB file Pack release program. With this file, you can release the files from the CAB package.

Fontview.exe Font Viewer. With this program, you can view the font files that are installed in the specified windows. Follow the font file name (fon or TTF type) on the command line to see the style examples for various fonts. All font files on the system are opened by default associated with it.

Freecell.exe Solitaire game.

Ftp.exe File transfer program.

Grpconv.exe Group file Conversion tool. The group file (GRP extension) under Win3x can be converted to a folder under [programs] in the win98[Start menu, and each group item is changed to a shortcut in the folder.
　　
Hh.exe Help to view the program.

Ieshwiz.exe Custom Folder Wizard. In Win98, you can set up the unique appearance of each folder, edit the background design of folders, text color and so on, enrich their own system personality characteristics. It is the custom folder in the Explorer [view] menu ... ] items are corresponding.

Imegen. EXE with Input Method builder

Internat.exe Input Method Switch program. The program resident memory, after the run will appear in the taskbar in the bottom right corner of the familiar input method words.

Ipconfig.exe TCP/IP configuration program in DOS environment. The configuration of TCP/IP can be viewed and modified in a DOS environment.

IsUninst.exe Uninstall program. Execute this program to safely uninstall programs and their associated components in Windows.

Kodakimg.exe the image Viewer in Windows to run the program to browse graphics files in a variety of formats.

Mem.exe DOS Memory Condition viewer. Run this program to view the current running program consuming physical memory in the MS-DOS window.

Mplayer.exe Media Player. Run this program can open the Media Player dialog box, play VCD or AVI and other programs.

Mkcompat.exe enforces a compatible program. When the Microsoft design Win9x, the most considered problem is the compatibility, so that it would rather sacrifice part of the 32-bit program performance, but also to ensure the maximum compatibility of traditional software. Now think about this program is not put in the housetops, perhaps Microsoft is very confident of the compatibility of the system, feel that this thing do not need it! The use of this tool is: When a previous version of the Windows program (mainly under the win3x 16-bit program) can not run or run unstable, there are many options to adjust its operating mode and operating environment to make it normal use, of course, this is to give up a lot of advanced features at the expense of.

MSCONFIG. EXE system to start the configuration program. This is a very useful "good stuff" and suggests a base friend to set a shortcut for it in the Start menu. Through it, in the AUTOEXEC. Bat, Config.sys, System.ini, Win.ini Four important files, you can directly modify or even create new content, and each of these files, as well as every item that is registered as a startup in the registry, can be selected individually or not; The program also has 12 options for more advanced users that can be used to troubleshoot some software and hardware compatibility issues. Another great advantage of this tool is that it is easy to back up and restore the boot configuration, the user-prohibited content will not be deleted, but only with a specific mark for the time being deactivated for future recovery, security is very high.

Mshearts.exe Online Hearts game.

Msimn.exe Outlook Express Program.

Net.exe Use this tool to view the relevant network configuration for this computer.

Netconn. EXE Home Networking Wizard

Notepad.exe Notepad. Run the program into the Notepad edit window.

Pbrush.exe Paint program. Use this program to enter the paint editing window for painting operations.

Progman.exe Program Manager. Run this program to edit an existing program group or to create a new program group.

Ping.exe DOS working mode IP address search tool. In addition to detecting whether the specified IP address can be connected, there is also a use: When the server, a long time no data transmission, in order to prevent timeouts by the other side of the disconnection, can not stop "Ping" it, to enforce the purpose of connecting a host. This program usage can be found in the DOS window.

Regedit.exe Registry Editor. Use this program to view and modify the Windows registry.

Rsrcmtr.exe Resource Status Tool. Use this tool to monitor the system resources currently used by the program.

Scandskw.exe ScanDisk, you can discover and repair data errors on the disk surface and on disk.

Scanregw.exe registry check and Backup program. Execute the program to check the registry for errors, such as checking correctly, prompting the user to make a backup of the registry. is a 32-bit version of the Scanreg.exe in the Windows\Command directory that can be used to check and back up the registry. Modify the value of the keyword backup and optimize in the Scanreg.ini file to determine whether to back up and optimize the registry (1 is; 0 is no); Modify the value of the maxbackupcopies, choose to keep the number of backups, backup cab compression packs also save System.ini and Win.i NI two file); Modify the value of the BackupDirectory to specify the path to be stored in the backup compressed package, and add the files to be backed up in the form of "files= [directory code,] file name 1, file name 2, ...", where "directory Code" has 10, 11, 30, etc. Corresponds to the Windows directory, the system directory, and the boot packing directory respectively. It is best to add "directory Code", or you may not find the target, only a few empty files into the compressed package. This program can be run in the background with the "/autorun" parameter, which can be backed up automatically in the background using the "/backup" parameter.

Setver.exe MS-DOS version Setup program to view the DOS version number of the program and to remove the specified DOS version.

Smartdrv.exe the virtual cache Setup program, you can set the memory to virtual cache, thereby increasing the reading and writing speed of the data.

Sndrec32.exe Recorder. On the premise of connecting the audio device, the program can be used for recording operations, recorded files (. wav) can be played in the recorder and media player.

Sndvol32.exe Volume Control program. This procedure can be used to adjust the size and balance of sound.

Sol.exe card game.

Sysmon.exe System Monitor. Run this program, you can monitor the system's current resource usage, such as CPU occupancy rate, memory usage and other system data.

Sysedit. EXE system Configuration Editing program. Specifically for editing Autoexec.bat, Config. SYS, System.ini, Win.ini, and Protocol.ini five system files.

Systray.exe Audio controls resident memory programs. Run it will appear familiar taskbar small horn icon, can be used to adjust the volume and open the Audio Properties dialog box.

Taskman.exe Task tool, which can be used to view programs that are currently running, or to run

The program that needs to be executed.

Taskmon.exe task Monitor, which functions to monitor the execution of the program and report it at any time. The ability to monitor all programs that run as windows in the taskbar, open and close programs, and direct the Shutdown System dialog box.

Telnet.exe This program is primarily used to connect to remote computers.

Tlocmgr. EXE Phone Voice location administrator. Resident Memory program, after running a taskbar small icon, can easily start Phone Dialer and adjust dialing properties.

Tour98.exe roaming Windows Me program. This is a Windows me learning program, beginners may wish to use.

Tuneup.exe Maintenance Wizard. The Maintenance Wizard adjusts your computer to the optimal state through which you can set up regular ScanDisk, Disk Defragmenter, and disk Cleanup programs to maintain your computer.

Wab.exe Address Book Management program.

Wabmig.exe The Address Book Import program.

Welcome.exe Welcome to the Windows program, to complete the registration, Internet connection, maintenance of computer functions, and can be set to display after each boot.

Winfile.exe File Manager. Run this program to find, view files and folders, display file information, and the operation of files and folders.

Winhelp.exe Windows Help information.

Wininit.exe Software Installation handler. It can only run in real mode, and it is run every time the system starts to check if there is a Wininit.ini file in the Windows directory (this file is a newly installed information file to remove or replace some memory-resident programs that cannot be modified in protected mode). If so, the system can automatically complete the final installation of the software by recording the contents. Wininit.ini after processing will be renamed as Wininit.bak, with Notepad open, you can easily understand what the new software changes the system hosting files (such as: DLL, EXE, DRV, etc.).

The 32-bit and 16-bit versions of the Winipcfg.exe and Ipconfig.exe network IP configuration finder. Can detect the current computer such as IP address, subnet mask, such as network configuration details.

Winmine.exe Minesweeper game.

Winrep.exe Windows Reporting Tool. Primarily used to report windows failures to Microsoft companies. It can automatically collect some relevant information in the system, lead you to write the normative "Situation report", to the Microsoft technical staff, so that they remotely for you to solve practical problems, of course, this is to improve and improve the Windows system collection of information.

Winver.exe Windows version information.

Write.exe Writing board.

Eudcedit. EXE-word-formation program

Rstrui. EXE System Restore

MSINFO32. EXE System Information

Pinball. EXE Table Pinball Game

SPIDER. EXE Spider Solitaire

Hrtzzm. EXE Internet Hearts

Rvsezm. EXE Internet Flip Chess

Shvlzm. EXE Internet King of Spades

Bckgzm. EXE Internet Dual-Land chess

Chkrzm. EXE Internet Checkers

(Note: These files are distributed in different directories, such as C:\windows,c:\windows\command,c:\winwows\systemc:\,c:\program files\, and search commands can be found if they are not clearly located.) )

Three startup articles

Don't forget, the system prompts you to make a startup disk when you install the system. What do we have here? Not usually, but it works in the key. It does not matter if the installation is not made, you can make the following steps: A click on the desktop to "start"
, select Settings and open Control Panel; B Double-click Add/Remove Programs; c) you will see that there are 3 tabs above, and the one on the right says "boot disk". Click on this tab, and then you will see a button that establishes the Startup disk. You need a floppy disk stored in the establishment of the boot disk in the process of all important files; d. Put a blank floppy disk in the floppy drive, and then click the button. Now that you've finished, you can see that 1.44MB of disk space is already using 1.15 MB.

Aspicd. The ASPI driver for the SYS SCSI optical drive. (The Aspi_dos driver must be run first, this file is only useful for those users who use SCSI)

Autoexec.bat a batch file that runs automatically when the system starts.

CDSETUP.exe an old file with a DOS sound card driver.

Command.com the required files for the system to boot. (Do not delete)

CONFIG. SYS is used to load the configuration file for a device driver.

DEFRAG. EXE is used to clear fragmented files under DOS.

deltree. EXE to delete a directory command.

discopy.com the disk Copy command.

Drvspace. BIN when you make a startup disk, Windows automatically generates files.

Edit.com a command file for editing in DOS.

FDISK. EXE is used for the hard disk partitioning of the command file.

Find. EXE a command that looks up characters in a file, path, or drive.

Format.com the file used for formatting. (For example: Format c:, this command has many parameters.) ）

Io. SYS system files that must be required to start. (Do not delete)

more.com lists more parameters. (For example: dir | more, "|" It's called a pipe here. )

Mouse.com the mouse driver file. (I don't use the file, but keep it in case you need it)

Mscdex. EXE Optical Drive's DOS file.

MSDOS. SYS the files that Windows automatically generates when you make a startup disk.

Sbcd. SYS Universal DOS Drive driver. (I got it from my creative CD drive, which is suitable for most optical drives.) ）

Sbide. SYS DOS CD driver for the old sound card. (Not useful)

SCANDISK. EXE is used for hard disk scans.

SCANDISK.　　INI to execute the files required by SCANDISK.EXE. Sgidece. Sysdos's CD file. (You won't use it)

XCOPY32. EXE the command to copy files from one location to another.

where file Erd.cab, automatically extracted to the virtual disk at startup, they are the most classic DOS
The most commonly used external commands are not explained here.
ATTRIB. Exe
CHKDSK. Exe
DEBUG. Exe
Edit.com
EXT. Exe
Format.com
Help. BAT
Mscdex. Exe
SCANDISK. Exe
SCANDISK. Ini
Sys.com
The above file I believe that there is a certain practical value of the executable program, most of them are not invited to the "hermit", although some are integrated in other tools, but the specific procedures of the check mark is little known. Find them, you will reduce the mystery of the Win Me system, you can easily in their own software to invoke some system functions. For the vast majority of beginners programming friends, this is definitely a very comfortable feeling.


Four, start → run → command collection

Gpedit.msc-----Group Policy SNDREC32-------Recorder
Nslookup-------IP Address Detector explorer-------Open Explorer
Logoff---------logoff command tsshutdn-------60-second Countdown shutdown command
Lusrmgr.msc----native users and Groups services.msc---Local Service settings
oobe/msoobe/a----Check to see if XP activates Notepad--------open Notepad
cleanmgr-------^^ Clean up net start Messenger----Start Messenger Service
Compmgmt.msc---Computer Management net stop Messenger-----Stop messenger Service
Conf-----------start NetMeeting dvdplay--------DVD player
Charmap--------Start character mapping table Diskmgmt.msc---Disk Management utility
Calc-----------Start Calculator dfrg.msc-------Disk Defragmenter
Chkdsk.exe-----chkdsk disk check devmgmt.msc---Device Manager
regsvr32/u *.dll----Stop DLL file run drwtsn32------System Doctor
Rononce-p----15-second shutdown dxdiag---------check DirectX information
Regedt32-------Registry Editor Msconfig.exe---system Configuration Utility
Rsop.msc-------Group Policy result set Mem.exe--------display memory usage
Regedit.exe----Registry Winchat--------XP with LAN Chat
ProgMan--------Program Manager winmsd---------System Information
PERFMON.MSC----Computer Performance monitoring program winver---------Check Windows version
Sfc/scannow-----Scan Error and restore taskmgr-----Task Manager (2000/XP/2003)


V. System Process Chapter
Note: The process list of the system novice focus ~
The process name describes the most basic system processes (that is, these processes are the basic conditions for the system to run, with these
Process, the system will work properly)

Smss.exe Session Manager
Csrss.exe Subsystem Server process
Winlogon.exe Admin User Login
Services.exe contains many system services
Lsass.exe manages IP Security policies and initiates Isakmp/oakley (IKE) and IP ann

Fully-driven programs. (System Services)
Generates a session key and grants service credentials (ticket) for interactive client/server authentication. (System Services)
Svchost.exe contains many system services
Svchost.exe
SPOOLSV. EXE loads the file into memory for later printing. (System Services)
Explorer.exe explorer
Phonetic icon for Internat.exe tray area
Additional system processes (these processes are not necessary and can be added or decreased as needed through the service manager)
Mstask.exe allows programs to run at specified times. (System Services)
Regsvc.exe allows remote registry operations. (System Services)
Winmgmt.exe provides system management information (System services).
Inetinfo.exe provides FTP connectivity and management through the Internet information Services snap-in. (System Services)
Tlntsvr.exe allows remote users to log on to the system and run the console program using the command line. (System Services)
Allows you to manage Web and FTP services through the snap-in of Internet information services. (System Services)
Tftpd.exe implements the TFTP Internet standard. The standard does not require a user name and password. Part of the Remote Installation service. (System Services)
Termsrv.exe provides a multiple-session environment that allows client devices to access virtual Windows 2000
Professional desktop sessions and windows-based programs running on the server. (System Services)
Dns.exe answers query and update requests for Domain Name System (DNS) names. (System Services)

The following services are rarely used, the services above are harmful to security, if not necessary should be turned off
Tcpsvcs.exe provides remote installation of Windows on a PXE remotely-bootable client computer

The ability to Professional. (System Services)
The following TCP/IP services are supported: Character generator, daytime, discard,

Echo, and Quote of the day. (System Services)
Ismserv.exe allows messages to be sent and received between Windows Advanced Server sites. (System Services)
Ups.exe manages an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) connected to your computer. (System Services)
Wins.exe provides NetBIOS for TCP/IP clients that register and resolve NetBIOS names

Name Service. (System Services)
Llssrv.exe License Logging Service (System service)
Ntfrs.exe to maintain file synchronization of file directory content among multiple servers. (System Services)
RsSub.exe controls the media used to store data remotely. (System Services)
Locator.exe manages the RPC name service database. (System Services)
Lserver.exe Register client licenses. (System Services)
Dfssvc.exe manages logical volumes that are distributed over a LAN or WAN. (System Services)
Clipsrv.exe supports ClipBook Viewer so that you can view the clip pages from a remote ClipBook. (System Services)
Msdtc.exe, a parallel transaction, is distributed in more than two databases, message queues, file systems,

or other transaction protection resource manager. (System Services)
Faxsvc.exe helps you send and receive faxes. (System Services)
Cisvc.exe Indexing Service (System service)
Dmadmin.exe System Management Service for disk Management requests. (System Services)
Mnmsrvc.exe allows a privileged user to remotely access the Windows desktop using NetMeeting. (System Services)
Netdde.exe provides network transport and security features for Dynamic Data exchange (DDE). (System Services)
Smlogsvc.exe configures Performance Logs and Alerts. (System Services)
Rsvp.exe provides network signals for quality service (QoS)-dependent programs and control applications and local
The communication control installs the function. (System Services)
RsEng.exe coordinates services and management tools that are used to store infrequently used data. (System Services)
RsFsa.exe the operation of remotely stored files. (System Services)
Grovel.exe scans the duplicate files on the 0 backup storage (SIS) volume and points the duplicate files to a data storage point to save disk space. (System Services)
SCardSvr.exe manages and accesses the smart card inserted into the computer's smart card reader. (System Services)
Snmp.exe contains agents that can monitor the activity of network devices and report to the network console workstation. (System Services)
Snmptrap.exe receives trap messages generated by local or remote SNMP agents, and then
The message is passed to the SNMP management program running on this computer. (System Services)
UtilMan.exe starts and configures the accessibility tool from a single window. (System Services)
Msiexec.exe basis. MSI file to install, fix, and delete the software. (System Services)