Problems, crises and development prospects in the development of secondary vocational education in China

Secondary vocational education, which is an important part of the vocational and technical education system in China and occupies a very important position, includes vocational secondary education, general secondary school and technical schools, as well as various short-term vocational training. Secondary vocational education is generally carried out in the high school education stage, but also contains a part of the post-secondary vocational training, in the completion of the initial and high school basic education content, but also for students to develop professional skills, the purpose is to convey to all sectors of society the qualified technical personnel required, At the same time, we can transfer specialized talents to the higher education in the early stage of knowledge and skills. Because of the unique advantages of secondary vocational education, as well as its great contribution to the economic and social development of China, it has been vigorously supported by the national policy and has made great progress. While the scale of vocational education is expanding continuously, because of the influence and restriction of various factors, secondary vocational education also faces a huge crisis, only deep analysis of the root causes of various factors, can effectively solve the crisis of the development of secondary vocational education.

I. Problems and crises in the development of secondary vocational education in China

(a) The influence of the social traditional concept and reality on the development of secondary vocational education

Because of the importance of the degree in Chinese traditional culture and the professional prejudice to the status of workers, the society as a whole has serious contempt for the secondary vocational education, because the training goal of secondary vocational education is to master professional knowledge and professional skills of industrial workers, that is, blue-collar class. At the same time, because the entrance threshold of secondary vocational education is generally low, students with poor academic performance are the majority, which further deepens the prejudice of the secondary vocational education itself.

Although there is a large number of college graduates employment difficulties, and vocational school students in the non-graduation has been contracted by the employers of the bipolar phenomenon, but still failed to fundamentally change the social prejudice of vocational education and technical workers. Therefore, in contrast to the above-mentioned situation of polarization of employment, students still compete fiercely in the high school entrance examination, while a large number of secondary vocational schools are facing the phenomenon of serious shortage of students.

(ii) Deficiencies in the present system of secondary vocational education

Compared with the prejudice of social existence, the deficiency of the secondary vocational education system itself is one of the fundamental reasons to affect its development. Due to the insufficiency of the ability of school-running, the lack of the basic teaching conditions such as teachers ' strength, teaching equipment and operating funds, the majority of secondary vocational schools have their own social prejudices on vocational education, which cause Cao Ying Han teaching atmosphere. Because of the poor performance of students in secondary vocational school, there is a difficult phenomenon of basic knowledge acceptance in the course of learning. Therefore, the secondary vocational teachers are more cop, the culture, the professional theory curriculum lightly, the simple emphasis on the vocational skills curriculum professor, in order to meet the corresponding enterprises or industries for graduation students skills requirements, and neglected the long-term development of the students after employment, resulting in secondary vocational graduation students in career difficult to have a larger, Thus deepened the social prejudice degree to the secondary vocational education.

(iii) The mistaken understanding of the secondary vocational students about themselves

In the early stage of reform and development, in the process of social and economic prosperity, people's living standard is not high, the examination into the secondary vocational school can move to work as soon as possible, reduce the burden of the family, so attracted a large number of excellent, motivated students. Although the choice of these students is a more helpless choice, but also for the development of secondary vocational education has laid a certain reputation base. With the improvement of people's living standard, the family's affordability of education is also increasing, and more families are inclined to support their children to obtain colleges and universities. Because there is no competition, the entrance threshold of the secondary vocational school is declining, even absent. A large number of poor academic performance, learning attitude misconduct students into the secondary vocational study, secondary vocational education itself for the training of professional skills also despise the students of the basic knowledge and moral quality of training, some students in the social adverse performance deepened the society for the secondary vocational students overall prejudice degree.

The above three points can be seen, the emergence of the secondary vocational education crisis, both the public awareness of the secondary vocational education is not enough, there are schools and students of their own reasons. Therefore, in order to eliminate the crisis in the development of secondary vocational education, we should improve the educational standard of secondary vocational education from many aspects. Vocational education for the basic status of China's manufacturing industry should not be neglected, in the process of continuous upgrading of manufacturing level in China, we must have a strong vocational education system as a support, the secondary vocational educational as an important part of the vocational education system, in many crises also face a bright future.

Second, the advantages and prospects of the development of secondary vocational education in China

(i) a large number of employment opportunities

In the mature industrial structure, there are senior technical staff, general engineers, technicians, technical workers, senior technical workers and general affiliated individuals occupational division, and show the olive type structure characteristics, that is, senior technical personnel and the proportion of general affiliated individuals is relatively least, in the middle of the technician and skilled workers is the largest proportion of , so a large number of technicians and skilled workers are needed in society.

Whether it is a traditional manufacturing industry, or high-tech equipment enterprises, the production line requires a large number of skilled workers. Because China is in the high-speed period of economic development, the industrial structure of the traditional manufacturing industry, in order to enhance the industrial structure, is trying to accelerate the process of traditional industrial science and technology, but also gradually explore the new manufacturing industry support. Because of our country's abundant human resources, we can not like some developed countries in the development of science and technology manufacturing industry at the same time to excessive transfer of traditional manufacturing, so China's manufacturing industry presents a new and old combination and development phenomenon, which provides skilled workers, vocational education recipients a large number of employment opportunities, This is also the basic motive source of the development of secondary vocational education in China.

(ii) fostering of national policies

Because of the great support of vocational education to the national industrial Policy, the State has formulated a large number of policies conducive to the development of vocational education, and has provided a lot of financial support to the relevant schools. Especially in the tuition and living expenses, the state gives each student a certain subsidy, not only reduces the burden of the family, but also attracts more students to apply for vocational schools.

(iii) New opportunities arising from industrial restructuring

With the adjustment of China's industrial structure, the number of laid-off people has been increasing each year and the number of migrant workers increased by two more obvious phenomenon. In the face of new employment opportunities, these two groups also face the problem that their professional skills and job opportunities do not match, and need to carry out vocational and technical training in new positions. For a long time, many enterprises undertake this part of the training task, because the enterprise to production, profit as the main purpose, resulting in the employment of these two groups of problems, and a large number of non-skilled workers enter also affect the normal operation of enterprises.

The vocational education school, which is represented by the secondary vocational school, has rich experience in training skilled workers, and in the face of a large number of groups who urgently need vocational training, they can boldly develop their own market, not limited to the recruit of fresh students. Through the training of social personnel, can not only spare teachers, teaching equipment to use, to create a rich income, but also in line with the country's industrial policy, to help enterprises cultivate a large number of qualified technical workers.

Third, conclusion

China's reform and development has nearly 40 years of history, this period is not only a period of rapid expansion of China's economic scale, but also a period of continuous economic restructuring, economic change will inevitably cause changes in all aspects of society, this change is a wave-upward process of change, and its eventual trend is reasonable, But in the middle there will inevitably be unreasonable things, the realization appears. At present, prejudice and neglect of secondary vocational education is such an unreasonable performance. However, with the continuous maturation of society, vocational education will inevitably play an important role in the education system because of its indispensable function, and the acceptance of vocational education will become a natural non-discrimination option, and the social structure of our country will become more reasonable.

Problems, crises and development prospects in the development of secondary vocational education in China