Are you still practicing? Why is reading Bo "often" a waste of time?

October 31, 1517, the eve of Halloween, Martin Luther put "95 points" on the door of Wes's church. At that time, the move merely meant that he wanted to spark an argument ...

The Protestant founder, Luther, argues that the path of Christianity to heaven is not paved by money. Today, the academic paper not only expounds the author's point of view, but also represents the author's research results over a period of time. Every year, tens of thousands of students want to get their ph. D. In order to complete such a doctoral thesis.

In most countries, a doctorate is the threshold for entry into academia, a stepping stone into an independent research field, and a collaborative research effort with mentors. Various countries, different universities, different professions, the requirements are also different. Some students have to spend two years to get a ph. D., some of them will receive some subsidies, and some are entirely at their own expense. Getting a Ph. D. is just a matter of completing a research paper, and some requires a compulsory or elective course or teaching assistant. An academic paper has dozens of pages (for example, mathematics), or even hundreds of pages (for example, history). Some of these PhDs are still in their early 20, and some are already 40-year-olds who know their destiny.

Many students who read Bo have the same thing: they are dissatisfied with the status quo. Some of their work as a wage earners, seven days a week without rest, work 10 hours a day, pay little, the future is slim. This is a common situation. As a graduate student, you may find it ironic that your office is decorated better than your home and you often eat instant noodles. ' Not research itself makes me feel boring, ' says one scholar. He was honest that he didn't read for free pies, "it's frustrating that the end is unreachable." ”

In reading the doctor complained that the full is not new, the essence of the phenomenon lies in the development of the doctoral system itself. Applied Ph. D., such as Doctor of Law, PhD in business, and PhD in pharmacy, are actually very high in gold. While the PhD is set to be considered for academic purposes, the problem is that the number of doctorates awarded and the number of existing research posts has widened. There is a glut of PhDs, and many business leaders say they cannot find the senior technicians they need. On the one hand, it also shows that the doctor did not learn the knowledge and skills required by the enterprise. Some even compare the system of research PhDs with Ponzi schemes and even MLM schemes.

For quite some time in history, it has been a privilege for a handful of wealthy people to get into a top-class university, and even many college teachers do not have a doctorate. After World War II, colleges and universities continue to expand enrollment, while university lecturers also need to have a higher degree. By 1970, America's universities were the same, with less than one-third American universities, and a doctorate in science and engineering that accounted for half the world. During this period, the American population accounted for only 6% of the world's population, and since then the number of PhDs produced in the United States has doubled to 64,000 annually.

Other countries are catching up. From 1998 to 2006, the number of doctoral degrees awarded by OECD countries increased by 40%, while the United States grew by 22%. In Mexico, Portugal, Italy, Slovakia and other countries, doctoral output also increased rapidly. Even in Japan, where the younger population is shrinking, the number of doctoral students has increased by 46%. These increases also see the rapid growth of higher education in other countries outside the United States. Richard Ferriman, a labor economist at Harvard University, said that by 2006, the number of college admissions in the United States accounted for only 12% of the world.

At the same time, many universities have found that PhD students are highly motivated and thus are cheap labor that can be arbitrarily directed. Recruiting PhDs helps schools carry out research projects, which can also be used to develop education and cost less. The nine-month income of a postgraduate teaching assistant at Yale University is $20,000, with an average annual salary of $109,000 for American professors, who earn more than judges and local officials in 2009.

The annual output of the doctor is much higher than the university's demand for lecturers, with a new book showing that the United States has trained 100,000 doctors in 2005 to 2009, while the demand for university teachers is just 16,000, with two authors being a scholar and a journalist. The need for full-time teachers is reduced by studying for a PhD in teaching. Even in Canada, where PhD graduates have grown more reasonably, a 4800-person doctorate was granted in 2007, while 2,616 full-time teachers were added, while in some faster-growing countries such as Brazil and China, the number of PhDs appeared to be inadequate.

Research in the field is similar, during the doctoral study did a lot of research work, students called "soft rib", now postdoctoral is also oversupply, Dr Shereman concluded: The data show that 2000 U.S. life sciences, the demand for faculty growth of 5% annually, these doctoral and postdoctoral students, Only one-fifth can find a job. In Canada, 80% of post-doctoral people earn 38,600 dollars or less each year, which is the average construction worker's salary, and the number of postdoctoral fellows is an impediment to the academic path, and in some countries, five-year postdoctoral students are the stepping stone for a full-time job.

These ant-like growing ph. D. and postdoctoral armies have made the university's research career flourish, while also adding a national research capacity, but this is not simply a good thing. In some cases, it is a highly educated person with a good education can be a great waste of their own. When the US studied Sentinel Earth satellites, the number of physicists in physics soared, and then the numbers plummeted, and the Vietnam War cut research programs. Schwartz, a professor of physics at the City University of New York, said that in the 1970s, about 5,000 physicists had to change careers elsewhere.

In the United States, the Union of doctoral teachers has also arisen to address some of the contradictions between doctoral teachers and schools. The university has drawn them a piece of pie, that is, to use today's cheap labor in exchange for a stable academic work in the future. In universities like Wisconsin-Madison, unions can be established dating back to 1960 years. The rise of real unions has been a matter of recent years. Today, unions are also going deep into private universities. At Yale and Cornell, executives and teachers say that doctors are not formal employees, but apprentices. These words are under pressure from the Union. The City University of New York became the first private university to admit the existence of a PhD teacher's union in 2002, but three years later the school ceased to negotiate with the union.

In the United States and Britain, many doctors suffer from low income, low-paid jobs and see no prospects. In 1966, only 23% of the Ph. D. Diploma in Science and Engineering was awarded to foreign students. By 2006, the ratio had increased to 48%, and foreign students were more tolerant of hard work conditions than their native counterparts, and they had also made their pay much less.

Those who support the PhD may say that even if they cannot get a steady research job, it is worthwhile to read a blog. Not every PhD student wants to enter the university, there are many in the private sector, or enterprise Research department hair, and have achieved good results. This is true, but there are two sides to everything, look at the facts, the number of doctoral dropouts increased, many in the doctor is very depressed. In the United States, only 57% of doctors continue to pursue a PhD after 10 years, which means that the rest of the school dropouts. In the field of humanities and social sciences, the proportion of students who attend their own doctoral programs is 49%. To make things worse, other PhD students are jumping around in the first grade in the Ph. D., many of the humanities are in the field of doctoral studies, and eventually many people have to give up. and school dropouts often become the national academic elite. A study by a U.S. university shows that people who finish their doctoral studies on time are no wiser than those who drop out of school. Lack of career guidance, the future is slim, and the financial squeeze is the reason for their eventual abandonment.

Even if you finish school, it's not a bright future. As the doctor is too fine, the job-seekers are trying to help their PhD candidates, and business executives are less interested in the PhD students who want to leave academia. A study by the OECD found that many of the doctors were still working part-time five years after they got their ph. D., more than 60% in Slovakia, and more than 45% in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany and Spain. And about One-third of Australian PhDs are engaged in jobs that have nothing to do with doctoral majors. In Germany, 13% of Ph. D. Graduates are employed in occupations with low status, compared with 21% in the Netherlands.

Ph. D. Graduates do have a higher salary than undergraduates, case, a study in the Journal of Higher Education Policy Management, in the UK, where college graduates earn 14% more than those who do not. As a Ph. D, the return was only 26%. A master's degree is also more rewarding than a PhD, and a master's degree can be obtained in a year. There are some areas where a ph. D degree has no advantage. In the fields of mathematics, computer science, social sciences, and language, doctor's income is similar to that of Master's. In the fields of engineering, industrial technology, architecture and education, Ph. D. and master's income are similar. In pharmaceutical, business, finance and other fields, the doctor's return can compensate him for his pay. Overall, the Ph. D. degree is only 3% higher than that of a master's degree.

Dr. Schwartz, a New York politician, says many PhD programs can be replaced with shorter courses, saying Wall Street found that many physicists could solve differential equations and hired them for quantitative analysis. But many short courses today teach practical financial advanced mathematics, so a PhD candidate who can solve differential equations is no longer competitive.

Many students do research out of enthusiasm, and now the education system has ended their enthusiasm. Few people know where the road is, and a British study of PhD graduates suggests that one-third of people read blogs just to continue to be students or to postpone employment. About half of the students said that scientists can have a high salary, so they follow the crowd to read Bo. But staying on campus is a mixed blessing. Highly educated people are more likely to be unsatisfied and more likely to change jobs.

Some people are beginning to wonder if it is worthwhile to read a blog, as if there is too much art and culture in the world. They believe that knowledge will permeate all areas of society and the material civilization of society will become more developed. That may be true, but blogging is a really bad choice.

The interests of academic researchers, universities and doctoral students vary. Students who stay at college are smarter and more academically advantageous. Graduate students can bring in more financial resources and increase the number of academic papers for tutors. These children are out of school, they are no good for them. A female student was once considered promising by the tutor, but after seven years of academic studies, the last teacher sent her a sentence, early to get married. Then the tutor took her out of the gate.

Monica Harris, a professor of psychology at Kentucky State University, says such professors are few. She admits the number of PhDs is too high and is now trying to reduce that. She also admits that the unilateral desire to control the number of PhDs is rare. When asked about the number of PhDs in an Ivy League school, the headmaster replied that even if our schools were to reduce their intake of doctoral students, other schools would add to our reduced share.

The shortcomings of the PhD are well known, the author of this article 10 years ago to persuade a theoretical ecology direction doctor do not continue, then Europe is also promoting higher education system, some institutions are also vigorously promoted.

The fund has realised that doctors are hard to play in the labour market. They will write experimental research reports, do academic reports, do literature review, and so on, but now this era of rapid dissemination of knowledge technology, these appear to be useless. Some universities have other courses for doctoral students, such as communication skills, teamwork skills, etc. These may be used for job hunting. There is a four-year doctor in the UK who will offer the new course for the doctor.

Measurement and incentive mechanisms should be changed. Some universities and research institutes have made the number of PhDs a success indicator, and have been vying to develop more PhDs. It is more important for students to find a real fixed job. And the number of PhDs is already too high, and PhD students have to face a growing decline in overall levels.

Many bloggers are smart students in their class who can make the best of what they want to do. Get flowers and awards on your journey. This year's new PhD students will also begin their studies, and few of them will be willing to accept a system designed to profit others. Only have cantilever the hard spirit of the Thorn stock with the self thought that clever person will not achieve the success of life. You might do better if you put that energy and time somewhere else. Someone should write an article about it.

Translator PostScript: Spent an afternoon to finish the translation, the author is very good. The author believes that for every young man, learning to live in such a competitive society is more important than you have a higher degree of education, on the one hand, do not completely deny all academic degrees, on the other hand, education is not the whole of life, education can not express a truly happy people's life. I wish our friends a smooth work and a happy life!