To mortgage that internet companies do this rural finance

Both emerging internet companies and traditional financial institutions have recently shown a strong interest in rural finance.

In the near term of the news that the central government has demarcated four financial institutions as the main force for rural gold reform, emerging internet companies are also intensively laying out rural finance. Last December, Beijing-East announced a high-profile cooperation with Grameen, into rural finance, Ali ant to announce the rural financial market as the next step to expand the field. Other Peer-to-peer Internet financial institutions are also trying to get their hands on the field of rural finance.

The increase in new collateral appears to be coming. According to the 21st Century Economic report, the head of the People's Bank of China is leading the development of rural contracted land management methods of mortgage loans.

As an important means of activating the rural land assets, how has the rural contracted land management loan been progressing in the past five years? What difficulties do you encounter? Emerging Internet companies, how to cross the collateral barrier, stirring the future pattern of rural finance?

Heilongjiang, Chongqing, Hubei loans in large scale

Before and after 2010, some cities and counties such as Sichuan and Zhejiang have been faced with the dilemma for many years since they have been mortgaged to the rural land management.

On the legal level, at present, the Security Law 37th article 2nd, the "Property law" 184th article 2nd provisions, the rural land collective land use rights may not be mortgaged. The 15th article of the Supreme People's Court on the interpretation of the application of legal issues concerning cases involving rural land contracting disputes stipulates that "The contractor shall be deemed to be invalid if it is mortgaged or compensated for by its contractual right to land." ”

Technical aspects, valuation, cost control, mortgage liquidity is still difficult, faltering.

Chen, deputy head of the central rural Work leadership group and Director of the office, said in an interview with the media that the country has 19 provinces in the relevant areas are being piloted, including Beijing, Sichuan, Hunan and other places have been financial institutions to start rural contracting Land management rights mortgage business, Involving financial institutions including the Postal Savings Bank of China and all over the city firm.

21st century economic reporter one by one to the People's Bank of the provincial branches to understand the latest development of the business, as of Press, Harbin Center Branch and Guiyang Center Branch provided feedback. Comprehensive 21st century Economic report according to the information of the public report carding, the current rural contracted land management mortgage loans in the forefront of the provinces, including Heilongjiang, Chongqing, Hubei Province, etc. (the figures in the provinces are shown).

The data provided by the Harbin Central Branch of the People's Bank of China show that as of the end of 2014, the mortgage balance of rural contracted land management in Heilongjiang province was 13.79 billion yuan, an increase of 70.5%.

According to the 21st Century Economic report, as the main rural gold reform, ABC and postal dump have been issued specifically for the rural land management of the right to operate mortgage loans.

Postal storage told the 21st century Economic report, the current postal Bank of rural contracted land management mortgage loans mainly in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Beijing, Shanxi and other parts of the start-up pilot. As at the end of 2014, the total number of mortgage loans issued by the Postal Reserve Bank to the rural contracted land was about 800 million yuan, and the amount of the loan amounted to about 8000, and the credit balance was about 600 million yuan and the number of pens amounted to 7000. According to this calculation, each loan amount is about 100,000 yuan.

As of the end of September 2014, ABC has set up a pilot project on the right to operate the farmland in Jilin, Hubei, Fujian, Chongqing and Shandong, with a cumulative loan of 393 million yuan, supporting 2,280 farmers, according to the People's Daily report.

Right to land Management: assessment and disposal problems

Taking the management of rural contracted land as collateral for loan financing, the first thing is to evaluate the collateral, which also faces many difficulties.

According to the 21st Century Economic report carding, the main body of collateral evaluation has three categories: local land circulation platform, government departments (People's Bank, agricultural sector, etc.), as well as market-oriented evaluation companies, such as the Qilu rural Property Exchange Center to attract qualified 15 evaluation companies, bidding companies, etc. as member units, employing agriculture, forestry, Animal husbandry and other aspects of more than 100 experts to form a pool of experts.

People's Bank of Guiyang Branch told the 21st Century Economic report, the province is more representative of the "Libo model", is the "relevant units in consultation to develop and publish the region's rural contracted land right to operate the benchmark price", such as in the highway and county around the main cash crop planting land for 1300 yuan per Mu, for the distance from the surrounding county, Traditional crops are mainly cultivated for 910 yuan per Mu.

The mortgage Registration department is mainly divided into two types of land transfer platform and government agricultural sector. But there is also a difference in the recognition of the right to operate mortgages. For example, Lishui, Zhejiang Province, from the county government to the operating entity issued "Land transfer management license"; In the East China Sea, the operating entity obtains a unique certificate of identification by means of the land circulation contract to the rural property transaction; Henan Dengzhou, the affirmation of the right to operate must convene the villagers ' Congress, village group to issue relevant proof, To implement the contract management of the authenticity and no dispute.

The most difficult problem of rural contracted land management is mortgage disposal. Some insiders believe that at present many of China's land transfer platform is immature, or "just put up a shelf", and the real land transfer platform is far apart. Therefore, the introduction of various security, fallback and other provisions in the mortgage is the main mode of wind control "innovation".

Several types of credit enhancement models

According to the 21st Century Economic report carding found that the provinces in the exploration of the right to operate mortgage loans in essence there are two types of letter-Adding mode:

First, the operating entity will directly mortgage the land management to the bank, and on the basis of additional movable property, real estate to pledge, or external letter. Some insiders believe that the introduction of security after the mortgage loan is only "formal mortgage", because the right to land is the "second constraint", and "security is the first constraint."

The model mainly includes: 1. The local government established the official rural asset Management company, is responsible for the acquisition of non-performing Rural financial assets, played a "fallback" role. Adopt this model such as Shandong Weifang, Chongqing, Gansu Longnan. Weifang Financial Holding group formed a rural asset management company, as an authorized agency of municipal government, to acquire non-performing assets.

2. The financial provision of the risk Compensation fund fallback, or share the loan losses in a certain proportion with the bank. The use of this model has Shandong Jiaozhou, Laiwu and other cities and counties, and Guizhou Libo, Hunan Yueyang, Ningbo Fenghua, Jiangsu Donghai, Chongqing, Henan Dengzhou, etc., this is a widely adopted model. The financial contribution is usually between millions of and tens of millions of dollars.

3. Guarantee company guarantee, in particular, the existence of government, private, village collective and many other security bodies. In the case of the 21st century Economic report combing, the Government funded the establishment of the guarantee company mainly. For example, the Zaozhuang government to set up 100 million yuan financial funds to establish gold land Finance Guarantee Company, Daqing Zhaoyuan County raise 10 million yuan to set up special fund, inject Daqing Agricultural guarantee Company, for the county land circulation to provide the highest 100 million yuan special guarantee.

Second, the counter guarantee or with the real right company mode of cooperation.

By cooperatives, village-level security organizations, associations, leading enterprises to provide security for farmers, farmers to forest, land contract management rights to cooperatives (association, Security Committee) to carry out the counter guarantee. The use of this model is Gansu Longnan, Ningxia Concentric, Zhejiang Lishui, Fujian and other fields.

In this model, the bank will be the risk of the disposal of mortgage loans. In the event of default, the collateral is compensated directly by the guarantor, and the right of land management is not directly disposed by the bank, but can be transferred to the Guaranty party for internal disposal.

More than 90% per cent of the bank's loans have taken a similar pattern, unlike the need for farmers to transfer their rights directly to government-appointed property companies rather than to provide collateral. By the real right company as the guarantee and the circulation platform, when the loan farmer cannot repay the bank loan, the real right company pays the loan principal and interest first, then realizes the creditor's rights by the circulation management rights.

The bank told the 21st century Economic report, through the cooperation with the real right companies, the basic settlement of the Land contract management rights in the registration, transfer transactions difficulties. Thus, this model is less risky than the way farmers directly mortgage their land to banks.

Internet companies: "To mortgage"

Compared with the traditional financial institutions must face the problems in the evaluation and disposal of collateral, as well as in the innovation of the mode of credit enhancement, internet companies show obvious "to mortgage" characteristics, more use of supply chain finance, public financing, credit loans and other ways to dabble in rural finance.

Ali Poly cost-effective platform in March 2014, September with a power company to line up two "Poly Land" Project: Consumers subscribe to the land package, to obtain the designated land of all crop output. This project has been known as the "farmland treasure" by the media.

With Ali cooperation of Zhejiang Lennon-Commerce Co., Ltd. CEO Zhang told the 21st century Economic report, which is more like "pre-sale of the public chip", consumers participate in "pre-sale" is not the land share, but the right to use and income of specific land.

Zhang that this model belongs to the category of "supply chain finance" in rural areas, and reengineering the process and way of obtaining funds for rural management subjects. Public data show that the first phase of the project is a total of 465 acres of land area, the project sales of 2.28 million yuan, the amount of money per acre is about 5000 yuan.

Zhang said that the future not only with the Ant-Service cooperation, but also "with the relevant commercial banks," but "the overall idea is not convenient to disclose."

Ant in the "small Share Day" in October 2014, has disclosed the next three major strategies: rural finance, mobility and internationalization. The Alipay Wallet then disclosed a development plan for the three or four-line city and rural areas, saying it would improve medical, transport and public services in three or four-line cities through mobile platforms and cloud computing and data technology, and promote the spread of "mobile financial services" in rural areas.

The ant-Suit aspect of the 21st century Economic report said that as the 2015-year plan was being made, no further information could be disclosed.

Jingdong chose to cooperate with Grameen Bank, aiming at rural microcredit. The latter, which was created by "the poor banker", the 2006 Nobel laureate Yunus, and the first in Bangladesh in 1976 to provide microfinance to poor rural women, has replicated nearly 180 projects in more than 100 countries worldwide.

A person close to the project told the 21st century Economic report that Grameen used its wind-controlled network to help Beijing-east "channel sinks" to seize the rural market, while the BoE used the Internet finance model such as the public-funded platform to dock funds for Grameen's China business. Such people said, for example, Jingdong can provide electric vehicles and other commodities, rural residents to "Beijing-East White Stripes" form of purchase, equivalent to the issuance of a loan of means of production, and later through the Grameen Wind control system to ensure the recovery of funds.

Yunus China Center executive Long, Gao, executive director of Grameen China, told the 21st century Economic report that a unique set of wind-control systems adapted to the lower-level countryside, established in the last 40 years, is the core technology of Grameen: the establishment of a "non-UNPROFOR" five-person women's loan group, 5-7 days of training before the first loan The weekly center meeting, with the borrower agreed such as "Do not let children drop out", "Keep the Environment clean" and other 16 conventions.

For Grameen, credit is just a medium through which Grameen intervenes in the bottom of society and helps them rebuild social networks. In essence, Gra's wind control system is detached from the traditional financial institutions ' blind worship of assets and material relations.

Another peer-to-peer agency, the Pterodactyl loan, also took a similar approach. Based on the data provided by the wing-lung loan, its main microfinance loans, loans 95% Agriculture, the amount of about 2.7 billion. It is used in the production and operation of agriculture and animal husbandry, the capital turnover of economic entity and so on.

"Farmers, unlike urban people, will leave enough financial footprints on various financial institutions or the Internet," he said. Rural finance must now be dominated by the line, although it is a stupid way, but also the most effective. "The wing Dragon lender facing the 21st century Economic report said that its wind control mode mainly for home visits, multi-level audit and loan management."

The Pterodactyl loan also pays attention to the development of the rural contracted land management mortgage, but the future business focus is still in the microfinance field. In November 2014, Lenovo Holdings announced the investment in the Pterodactyl loan. Wing-lung loan, said, is pushing with Lenovo holding the modern agricultural plate enterprises, explore the new model of agricultural industry chain finance.

(Responsible editor: Lvguang)