Constructing national innovation system in the age of large data

Since entering the 21st century, 9374.html "> World economy is gradually facing the development of knowledge economy, and the innovation-oriented stage has become the economic development stage that we must enter." The party's 18 major reports put forward: "To adhere to the road of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, to plan and promote innovation with global vision, to improve the original innovation, integrated innovation and the introduction of digestion and absorption of innovative ability, pay more attention to collaborative innovation." These "innovation" puts forward the higher request to the knowledge innovation, constructs the national innovation system of the big data age is imminent. So how do we define national innovation systems and build this system? The National innovation system includes enterprises, scientific research institutions, institutions of higher learning, government departments, intermediaries and infrastructure, and the national innovation system is the second modernized engine H-primer. The structure of the national innovation system is shown in Figure 1. In the National innovation system, research and development activities are both a source of knowledge and technology and a link to the production, dissemination and application of knowledge.

Fig. 1 schematic diagram of national innovation system structure

The National innovation system has 6 basic elements, namely the behavior subject of the innovation activity, the internal operation mechanism of the behavior main body, the relation among the behavior main body, the innovation policy, the market environment and the international relation. The behavioral subjects of ① innovation activities are mainly enterprises, research institutions, educational training institutions, government departments and so on. Enterprise is the backbone of innovation input, output and income, so it plays a key role in the national innovation system. The internal operating mechanism of the ② behavior main body determines the important factor of the efficiency of the national innovation system. The system consists of the elements of the system and the interrelationship among the elements, and the optimization of each element is the basis of the whole strength and efficiency of the system. ③ the effective relationship and cooperation among the behavioral subjects, the efficient flow of innovative resources among the behavioral subjects helps to share the risk of innovation, reduce the cost of innovation, speed up innovation, and improve the efficiency of innovation, and the close relationship among the various actors will contribute to the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. ④ innovation policy refers to laws, regulations and policies that have an impact on innovative activities. Usually divided into the supply, demand and environment of several major aspects of the policy. The innovation policy is closely related to the national science and Technology policy, economic policy, industrial policy, fiscal policy, tax policy, education policy and so on. ⑤ market environment is the basic background of enterprise innovation activity. As a way of allocating resources, market has important influence on the innovation activities of enterprises and other behavioral subjects. ⑥ International Connection is an important link of resource exchange between national innovation system and international environment in every country, and also the way and way of international competition and cooperation of the behavioral subject of each country's innovation activity.

To sum up, in the big Data age, the construction of national innovation system should be more forward-looking, guided and operational, combined with the current situation of China's economic development and world economic trend, this paper suggests that our country's national innovation system includes technology innovation system, knowledge innovation system, knowledge integration System, knowledge communication system and knowledge application system. Among them, the technological innovation system is the foundation of the National innovation system. The introduction of knowledge integration System is the key link for national level to guide innovation, promote innovation and promote the dissemination of innovation results.

Based on the practice of enterprise management and management, the technology innovation system provides a detailed application case for the National Knowledge Innovation system by studying, introducing and developing large data processing technology. March 19, 2012, U.S. President Barack Obama announced the launch of the "large Data research and development program," "Development initiative" to improve the ability to extract knowledge and ideas from large and complex digital data, To help solve the country's most pressing challenges and problems in science and engineering, to enhance national security and to realize the transformation of education and learning. This research program in the United States provides effective ideas and solutions for the construction of national innovation system, especially the construction of technological innovation system, that is, transforming the root of decision-making, and transforming from traditional "goal-driven decision" to "driven decision". Referring to the new ideas of the U.S. government's large Data research and development program, integrating the existing theories and methods of technological innovation and considering the opportunities and challenges brought by the large data environment, we propose a bidirectional decision model of the technology innovation system in the large data age, that is, the goal-driven model and the data-driven model parallel bidirectional decision model (see Figure 2). On the one hand, based on the traditional goal-driven, the traditional data mining technology and support decision-making technology evaluation and prediction model are formed. On the other hand, based on the complex data characteristics and environment in the large data environment, the new method and new idea of data mining are applied in the field of the large-number, and the technology monitoring and early-warning model, which is based on the real-time monitoring of self-organization, can be effectively used for early warning and emergency management Through this bidirectional decision-making model, the technology innovation system can provide the technical route and the big Data application case for the establishment of the knowledge innovation system.

Fig. 2 Two-way decision model of technology innovation system in large data age

Knowledge innovation system in learning, the introduction of foreign large data-related theories and cases on the basis of strengthening the knowledge extraction and processing capacity, and seriously study China's massive data enterprises (such as Internet, E-commerce, communications, banking, securities, insurance, tourism, FMCG, etc.) practice, from which to extract suitable for China's national conditions of large data knowledge, The system summarizes the method of large data innovation and provides the necessary information for the knowledge Integration System. The Knowledge Integration System is responsible for summarizing the application cases of large data technology in various regions and industries, as well as the new knowledge integration of large data technology. In this segment, the national information authorities, national innovation management, national statistical offices and industry associations need to work together to establish information-sharing mechanisms among these institutions. Among them, the National Innovation Management department plays a vital role in the wide spread of knowledge. The knowledge dissemination system actively disseminates large data technology and knowledge, and cultivates the talented person who can control large data application technology. The Knowledge application system utilizes the large data knowledge results of digestion and absorption and independent innovation to carry out operation and management practice. The main functions of each subsystem are shown in table 1.

Table 1 Adaptability of two groups of technical groups to choose different strategies