Insider supervision on self-exposed housing quality of construction industry like a scarecrow

With the real estate market hot, "building brittle", "Building crooked" and other major events related to the quality of housing exposure, housing quality issues caused the people of great concern. Industry insiders to the "economic reference newspaper," the reporter said, the construction staff often "the day before the field with a hoe, the next days to the site plastering." "The quality of the project can be imagined." Some people describe the supervision as "scarecrow" in the form of a fictitious, the government's supervision should be moved forward.　　Experts pointed out that the defects of the supervision mechanism and the imperfect legal system are the deep-seated reasons that the builders pay little attention to the quality, and the real estate quality legal system needs to be perfected. October 8 is the first working day after the National Day holiday. The purchase of the Beijing Daxing District Old Palace Triangle project, some of the owners, ushered in the purchase of housing demolition and reconstruction of the news.　　This is the first time that Beijing has been under construction building due to quality problems demolished and rebuilt. According to the Beijing Construction Department investigation, the accident is due to Beijing Hua Jump Take-off Concrete Limited liability company for the project to provide not meet the quality requirements of the concrete products, caused by the Beijing Sun Moon Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. construction of the old Palace triangle to protect the housing project in the structure of the construction of concrete strength did not　　After testing and expert demonstration, the construction administrative Department of Beijing decided to demolish the floor structure of 6 buildings in area B and C and the other 2 buildings for local reinforcement treatment.　　Just one months ago, Shaanxi TV station two consecutive reports of Xi ' an city, some "steel" processing plants to the construction of steel bars elongated, resulting in a serious quality of substandard events. With the real estate market hot, "building brittle", "Building crooked" and other major events related to the quality of housing exposure, housing quality issues caused the people of great concern.　　Experts pointed out that the defects of the supervision mechanism and the imperfect legal system are the deep-seated reasons that the builders pay little attention to the quality, and the real estate quality legal system needs to be perfected. Industry insiders self-exposure of the construction industry "now the quality of the house really let people chilling." Lao Yang told the Economic reference newspaper reporter, just before long, a friend of old Wang bought a new house in Beijing, Lao Yang said, the roof looked not smooth, with a stick to knock a few "knock" knock on the problem came, the roof has "dog hole", and this "dog hole" is not repaired by repair.　　The result will be leakage, sound insulation effect is poor, serious will cause partial collapse. "I went to the state-owned construction company when I was small.　　Lao Yang, who is full of authentic Beijing, said the word "state-run" was exceptionally heavy, with a proud smile on his face. Lao Yang from The Apprentice, did carpentry, masonry and other types of work, from the end of the team to do the quality inspector.　　After retirement, Lao Yang is always idle, one is "occupational disease" let oneself to pay attention to where to observe the quality of the house, and the other is always some to buy a house friends will let him help to see the house, put the quality off. Lao Yang, for example, building, if the construction is not careful, often ignore the casting of the details of the problem, such as cement did not play real, there will be "dog hole." "The key quality link here is in the ' shake hands ' grasp. Lao Yang further gave theThe reporter explained that the building structure, the concrete dumped in the casting surface, a worker dragged a buzzing "iron rod" in the concrete stirring constantly, this is "Concussion hand", his technology and experience is the guarantee of floor quality. "The emergence of Honeycomb pock is also a general problem, ' dog hole ' is a more serious problem." Yang said excitedly, a project is often the structure and decoration is not a unit responsible for the end, the structure of a construction team, decoration is another construction team. Decoration side often in order to save time early rush, Ming know there are problems do not say, often secretly in the night to wipe the upper ash, and then directly on the basis of the decoration, so that from the surface can not see the quality of the house problem, cover up the problem.　　But the problem is actually still there, which has buried the quality hazard. "and more exasperating." Lao Yang opened a chatterbox, a friend in Beijing Nancheng bought a set of rooms, when he asked him to help check. Lao Yang came to the room left to see, right knock knock, the last step stopped in the kitchen, first looked up the roof, and then looked down at the ground, asked the developer staff, "floor drain?"　　"Developers at first still pretending to be, eventually old Yang repeatedly cross-examine, had to admit to forget to do waterproof, the floor drain plugging the fact. The qualification of engineering contractors is also critical. Lao Yang told the Economic reference newspaper reporter, some project managers have a high academic background, have a certain theoretical knowledge, but lack of relevant professional experience, many in the construction exposed obvious problems can not be found. In addition, the qualification certification of Supervisors only through professional examination to measure is obviously not enough, after all, theoretical knowledge and practical experience is different.　　In such an environment, experienced workers will also be able to save trouble, even if the problem is found to open one eye closed. Understand the quality of housing so that buyers are very helpless some buyers said that the quality of the real estate, is not not concerned about, but such professional problems ordinary consumers can not judge the quality or bad, can only look at the appearance, or with the early owners to inquire, the so-called quality of concern can only end. And now a lot of commercial housing is basically faster, the opening of the house has not been built, so the buyers can only be in the check quality when receiving the house.　　From this view, in the quality of the real estate, the disadvantaged status of the buyers are very helpless. These years, in the process of real estate development, some developers too pursue economic efficiency, in the premise of high housing prices to try to lower costs. It is understood that under normal circumstances, 7 floors below the construction cost of about 1000 yuan per square metre to 1200 yuan, the construction cost of about 30 floors is about 2200 yuan per square metre to 2500 yuan, the price of selling commercial housing is basically at 10,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan per square meter, the price is even to 30,000 yuan per square metre to 50,000 yuan. Apart from the high price part, the main project cost in the house price accounted for a small proportion, but in order to obtain more profits, developers still have to push down the main project in the proportion of the price. In such cases, the quality of the main project can beWant to Cicada. In the content of a wide range of real estate advertising, home buyers often see are price concessions, gift parking, precision decoration, high rate of community greening and a variety of residential and external shopping malls, schools, swimming pools and other such selling points. But the quality problem is hardly involved. In the more than 10 real estate advertisement, listed the construction unit name advertisement is very few. "Home buyers are most concerned about housing prices, huxing, environmental issues."　　Said a salesman at a sales office. But in fact, the quality of housing problems have been exposed, has begun to arouse public concern. The 2008 China Quality Association released the National Housing user Satisfaction Index of 66 2, basically flat with 2007, significantly lower than the 2006 level, continued in the lower range.　　Reporter learned that there are some home buyers to the sales department to inquire about the qualifications of developers and construction side, and some buyers will personally go to the construction site to view and take photos, sent to the relevant owners forum to discuss with you. Why is the quality of housing so frequent? Lou Jianbo, director of Beijing University's Real Estate Law Research Center, said in an interview with the economic reference newspaper that there were two main reasons for quality problems: one was to develop the construction unit without motive.　　Second, the system design is imperfect.　　On the other hand, the quality of the construction of the punishment is not so serious, but also makes the development of the construction unit to relax the quality requirements. Lou Jianbo thinks, the developer rush the time is also an important reason. "Why is the developer in a hurry?" The sooner the house is built, the quicker the money will be withdrawn. In addition, the transfer contract in the commencement and completion date requirements, construction permits also have a deadline, the developer of the pre-sale contract on the date of delivery is also stipulated. "But in the actual operation of the project, there will be many variables." Lou Jianbo For example: "A worker has told me that after pouring a layer of cement and then pouring the second layer, and the time between different seasons is different, humidity and temperature is not appropriate, it should wait for a period of time." But in fact, the open business is often anxious to rush to the time limit, regardless of natural conditions are appropriate. and supervision is often persuaded by developers. In a word, the reasons for the frequent housing quality are manifold, and the government and homebuyers must work hard. Don't let the duration be the first, but the quality first.　　"Lou Jianbo said. A head of Beijing Housing and Construction committee said at the 2010 Spring Forum of the Beijing University Real Estate Law Research center that the core problem of the current housing quality assurance system is that the core of the system reform is the transfer of property rights, but the existing quality assurance system has not been reformed with the reform of the housing system, and the responsibility Therefore, the Government is the unlimited liability, then the current housing quality assurance system, in essence, is still the product of the planned economy era, not according to the housing ownershipChanges in quality and innovation. The official said that the existing housing quality management system has the following problems: First, the current housing quality assurance system does not take into account the impact of market supply and demand relationship. If the housing market exceeds demand, the price will come down, the quality will go up, but we now rigid demand is very large, a room difficult to find, the opening of the queue, developers of course do not want to rely on quality to improve economic efficiency. At the beginning, the market on less color TV, everyone in the crazy Rob, who also go to the tube it Haurai, can buy a good, then the TV manufacturers I am afraid who also have no time to take into account the quality. What now, you do not new, you do not speak of quality may be rotten in there. Of course, TV and housing are not comparable, because the limited land resources, determines the scarcity of housing, so more to rob.　　Unfortunately, our entire housing quality assurance system design process does not take into account the characteristics of the market. Secondly, it restricts the owners ' right to supervise the housing quality, which leads to the dislocation of the main body of quality assurance.　　In the current Housing quality assurance system, small owners as the ultimate property owner, the supervision of housing quality control is absent, the small owners are completely excluded from the quality control system, the housing quality supervision can not exercise the right of first, objectively caused he can only hope that the government to the quality of the last pass, and the government as the quality of unlimited responsibility. Third, the current supervision system does not form a restrictive relationship, it is difficult to really exert the guarantee function of quality. The developers, builders and supervisors are, to some extent, the interests of the community and the three are not mutually restricted relationship. The state-related departments at present to the housing quality acceptance is the completion of the acceptance of the record system and a certain proportion of on-site sampling system, the filing system is only the form of review, developers sufficient material can be, sampling system is also different from the household acceptance or a household inspection, resulting in the majority of dwellings are excluded from supervision; and developers, construction, The role of "production and seller" is played in the acceptance of housing quality by the five responsible subjects such as supervision party, and the Construction party, the supervision party and so on are employed in the developer, actually is "five one", own commodity to examine, belongs to the self-regulation, five responsibility subject if the consciousness, the responsibility is stronger, the housing quality will be relatively better, Otherwise, there will inevitably be loopholes, the quality is worrying. Of course, in the highly developed countries, people have high moral standards, industry self-discipline is very strong, can guarantee quality.　　But such system design in China is not, at least at the current stage of the development of the industry does not work.　　The legal system of real estate quality needs to be perfected the research center of Real Estate Law of Peking University the report of the legal investigation on commercial housing believes that the current housing quality responsibility system is characterized by a lot of housing laws and regulations, but more on the main ministries and regulations, national legislation is relatively short, so in the use of a The relationship between housing quality and national livelihood deserves the attention of the State and society. Although the rapid development of real estate in China, but the relevant laws and regulations can not be so quickly updated and improved, so that developers in the lower illegal costs and higher profit return between the instinctive choice of risk-driven. and engineeringBidding is not fair, fair, open, project supervision, "one", "crony", the completion of the formal acceptance of the management system, and so on more exposed the industry is not standardized, lack of practical requirements of governance.　　As a home buyers, and developers in economic strength, expertise level and other aspects of power contrasts, in a weak position. The quality problem of commercial housing is produced in the whole period of the construction project, and the problems occurred in the investigation, design, construction, supervision, supply of building materials and so on, may lead to the construction quality problem.　　Although the national laws and regulations and all kinds of mandatory national technical norms are strictly prohibited illegal construction, but because of the current system defects make a variety of engineering quality problems continue to appear, "Quality supreme, quality first" requirements in the market economy to maximize the pursuit of the tide of profit is difficult to truly realize. In the construction industry, the cause of the problem of engineering quality is the defect of system, perfecting and perfecting the related system is the final way to solve the problem of engineering quality. Specifically, should be in three system level: first, the Construction Engineering quality guarantee system. After the construction works for the acceptance formalities, the construction work that enters the quality guarantee period, at this time the housing will officially put into use, accepts the occupancy owner in the actual use the test. This period of time is often a period of exposure to the problem of building quality.　　"Building law of the People's Republic of China", "Construction Engineering Quality Management regulations" established our country's current construction engineering quality guarantee system. However, the existing quality warranty regulations exist unreasonable quality warranty, with the relevant system of overlap and confusion, the lack of a clear and feasible method of warranty costs and management of the use of regulations, the lack of professional quality defects liability appraisal agencies or arbitration agencies and other issues. To perfect the project quality warranty system, we need to redefine the quality warranty period, establish a variety of systems to solve the warranty costs, develop the corresponding quality responsibility appraisal institutions and arbitration institutions.　　The implementation of housing construction quality insurance system. Second, commercial housing as a "super durable" commodity, to ensure its quality, in addition to the early construction and warranty, but also to consider since the end of the warranty decades after the quality of the maintenance of the problem, and the maintenance of the funds can be carried out in the country known as the "share of housing, public facilities and equipment special maintenance fund." Maintenance funds from the collection to the withdrawal of the various aspects of the problems, such as the "fund management measures" did not clearly define the cost of Jian ' an, also did not specify whether the cost of construction by the development of the agreed or by the government departments, so may in practice lead to the deposit basis is ambiguous. And in the use of the process there is a low utilization rate, the warranty period of force majeure can not directly use the maintenance funds, not according to the provisions of the use.　　There are different problems in the Maintenance Fund's value-added preservation, supervision and withdrawal. There is now a lack of uniformity in the collection and management of warranty costs. In the Maintenance fund system, in 2008, the special introduction of residential Special fund management measures, but in the collection and use of funds and other aspects of the legal provisions are not particularlyClearly, there are not many cases of housing quality assurance in our country at present, which is confronted with great problems in the process of advancing. Finally, there is no doubt that residential quality insurance needs to intervene in the insurance industry. The implementation of the housing Quality insurance system in China is helpful to improve the housing quality, protect the real interests of the buyers, benefit the competition of the construction industry, promote the construction of the building industry credit system, and also help the change of the government quality supervision function. From the present stage, China's housing quality insurance system still faces the existence of quality margin and real estate "seller's Market" reality, it should be led by the Government to carry out compulsory insurance, the abolition of quality margin system. In addition, the degree of specialization of the insurance industry still needs to be improved and relevant laws and regulations need to be established and perfected. To establish a housing quality insurance system, we must first solve a series of highly professional insurance and construction problems.　　In addition, our country does not have the construction Engineering quality inspection Control organization, the quality inspection control function is fragmented in the link, therefore our country needs to integrate the existing resources, establishes the construction Engineering Quality inspection Control organization, in order to carry out the housing quality insurance system effectively. RELATED LINKS Housing Quality assurance insurance is "potential defect insurance" (ID I), also known as "Building 10-year liability insurance", mainly underwriting the completion of the acceptance of the date of 10 years, the housing due to the main structure defects occurred in the project quality accidents caused by the loss of buyers. This kind of insurance operation mechanism originated from France, gradually by the United Kingdom, Japan, Singapore and many other countries introduced.　　Some countries and regions even implement compulsory insurance, such as Italy, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Canada and so on. Our country starts from October 30, 2002 to try this insurance, at present, the insurance is limited to a class of residential buildings identified by the Ministry of Construction, insurance liability includes the whole or local tilt, collapse, the foundation beyond the scope of the design requirements of uneven settlement, the main load-bearing wall appears to affect the structural safety of the cracks, wall, kitchen and toilet floor, basement, Pipeline leakage and other common quality problems. The insurance period is 10, the cost of insuring is paid by the developer, and the consumer gets the policy while buying the house.　　When there is a quality problem in the house, the insurance company will directly compensate the homeowner for the cost of repairing, strengthening or purchasing the house, and the maximum amount of compensation shall be the price of the residential sale.　　Developed countries, what is the government? France: Insurance companies play the role of the government departments are not directly involved in the quality supervision and inspection of construction projects, but mainly by the use of legal and economic means, such as the implementation of compulsory engineering insurance system, to promote construction enterprises to improve the quality of the project. According to the French building code "construction duties and insurance" provisions: all engaged in construction activities of the units, including owners, general contractor, design, construction, quality inspection units, are required to insure against the insurance company. Insurance companies require that each project in the construction process must entrust a quality inspection company for quality inspection, and to give the insured unit in the payment of insurance benefits. The quality inspection company of France must obtain the certificate issued by the Committee of the relevant government departments before opening, and the issuing machineA review is to be conducted every 2 to 3 years. In order to ensure quality, so that quality inspection companies can maintain their third party objective and impartial status, quality inspection companies may not participate in the domestic except for quality inspection of any commercial activities. Quality Inspection Company in the acceptance of the project quality inspection tasks, generally from the project design, construction tendering stage, until the completion of the project acceptance, delivery and use of the whole process of supervision, and finally to the owner to submit the project quality evaluation report.　　French inspection companies are equipped with perfect testing equipment to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of quality inspection. United States: Direct government intervention in contrast to France, the government directly involved in the construction project quality supervision and inspection. In the United States, the Government's quality supervision and inspection personnel are divided into two categories: one is the government's own inspectors, the other is the government temporarily hired or asked the owners to hire, the government approved by the outside professionals. These supervision inspectors are directly involved in each important process and the inspection and acceptance of each part of the project, after they found that the quality of qualified, before the next process. The inspection of the quality of engineering materials and products is determined by the relative independent legal testing organization.　　In all supervision and inspection projects, the foundation and the main structure of the hidden works and the impact of the use of key areas as the focus. Germany: Commissioned by the government, the company operates the government departments of the project Quality supervision of indirect management. The German government's supervision and management of engineering quality, mainly by the State Government building Authority commissioned or authorized by the State-approved quality Supervision engineers to set up a monitoring company, on behalf of the Government of all new projects and construction safety related to the quality of the implementation of mandatory supervision and review, in the Project Quality Review, The inspection of engineering materials is usually performed by the contractor to the nationally accredited engineering quality inspection organization. When the quality of the project or the owner and the contractor of the engineering materials, construction quality disputes, by the Quality Supervision engineers commissioned by the state-approved engineering quality testing institutions for testing, testing costs by the contractor, the owner or the quality Supervision company responsible party burden.