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, _intsizeof (n) is 8 (assuming 32-bit machine)#define _INTSIZEOF (N) ((sizeof (n) + sizeof (int)-1) ~ (sizeof (int)-1))The address of V plus the size of V#define VA_START (AP,V) (AP = (va_list) _addressof (v) + _intsizeof (v))To increase the size of the AP and obtain the data of the address of the original AP, forcing the conversion to type TThis corresponds to (* (T *) AP)(AP + = _intsizeof (t))This one macro is equivalent to doing two things#defin
samples to establish operational knowledge.
Machine Learning
Machine Learning has a long history, and many textbooks have well covered its main principles.
In recent textbooks, I suggest:
Chris Bishop, "Pattern Recognition and machine
sophisticated machine learning library, widely used in industry and academia. One thing about Scikit-learn very impressive is that it maintains a very consistent "fit", "predictive" and "test" APIs in many numerical techniques and algorithms, making it very easy to use. In addition to this consistent API design, Scikit-learn also provides some useful tools for dealing with data that is common in many
1. All basic types have a class corresponding to them, which is often referred to as wrappers.2. The object wrapper class is immutable, that is, once the wrapper is constructed, it is not allowed to change the value in which the wrapper is wrapped. Object wrappers are final, so they cannot be defined by subclasses.3. Suppose you define an integer array list, and the type parameter in angle brackets does not allow the base type, that is, Arraylistarray
element.As shown in 1-6, the Learning dictionary element is similar to Gabor Wavelet, which can effectively depict the edge information of an image, so K-means is an effective dictionary learning method.Four, the characteristics of the algorithmK-means Clustering algorithm is one of the most classical machine learning
-fitting, it is not very good to predict the unknown data, and the cross-validation error Here is also small, indicating that the model can also be very good to predict the unknown data)Finally, the polynomial regression model of the regularization parameter lambda = = 100 (λ==100) When the case:(there is underfit problem--less fitting-high deviation)The model "hypothetical function" curve is as follows:The learni
likelihood solution. For finite data sets, the posteriori mean of parameter μ is always between the transcendental average and the maximum likelihood estimate of μ.SummarizeAs we can see, the posterior distribution becomes an increasingly steep peak shape as the observational data increases. This is shown by the variance of the beta distributions, when a and b approach infinity, the variance of the beta distribution tends to be nearly 0. At a macro l
Recommended systems (Recommender system) problem formulation:Recommendersystems: Why it has two reasons: first it is a very important machine learning application direction, in many companies occupy an important role, such as Amazon and other sites are very good to establish a recommendation system to promote the sale of goods. Secondly, the system has some big idea in
Objective:This series is in the author's study "Machine Learning System Design" ([Beauty] willirichert) process of thinking and practice, the book through Python from data processing, to feature engineering, to model selection, the machine learning problem solving process one by one presented. The source code and data
Burak KanberTranslation: Wang WeiqiangOriginal: http://burakkanber.com/blog/machine-learning-in-other-languages-introduction/
The genetic algorithm should be the last of the machine learning algorithms I came into contact with, but I like to use it as a starting point for this series of articles, because this alg
This topic (Machine Learning) including Single-parameter linear regression, multi-parameter linear regression, Octave tutorial, logistic regression, regularization, neural network, machine learning system design, SVM (Support Vect
extracting some column rules from it is stronger than KNN.Disadvantages:1. easy to fit;2. For data with inconsistent sample numbers, the results of information gain in decision trees are biased towards those with more numerical values.3. It is difficult to deal with information when it is missing. The dependency between attributes in the dataset is ignored.SVMAdvantages:1. Can be used for linear/non-linear classification, can also be used for regression, the generalization error rate is low, th
information gain
Building a decision Tree
Random Forest
K Nearest neighbor--an algorithm of lazy learning
Summarize
The fourth chapter constructs a good training set---data preprocessing
Handling Missing values
Eliminate features or samples with missing values
Overwrite missing values
Understanding the Estimator API in Sklearn
Working with categorical data
Splitting a dataset in
Summary of machine learning problems
Category
Name
Keywords
Supervised Classification
Decision tree
Information Gain
Classification regression tree
Gini index, Gini 2 Statistics, pruning
Naive Bayes
Non-parameter estimation, Bayesian Estimation
Linear Discriminant Analysis
Fishre identification, fe
+ 1 parameter: x0 -- x256. We hope to use machine learning to determine the values of all these parameters. However, with so many parameters, machine learning may take a lot of time to complete, and the effect is not necessarily good. We can see that some pixels are not nee
-caaaomvweity052.png-wh_50 "/>For the above, we need to solve two sets of parameters, according to the previous experience of machine learning, we can cross, that is, to fix a set of parameters, solve another group, and then optimize another group. First, the parameter class X is derivative and the result is 0, we have:650) this.width=650; "Src=" https://s1.51cto
each parameter corresponding to 44 is the value of J_vals (i,j) end46 end47 j_vals = J_vals ';% Surface plot49 Figure;50 Surf (theta0_vals, theta1_vals, j_vals)% draws an image of the parameter and loss function. Pay attention to use this surf compare egg ache, surf (x, y, z) is such, Wuyi%x,y is a vector, Z is a matrix, with X, Y paved grid (100*100 point) and Z of each point 52 to form a graph, but how t
to determine, easy to get into local minima, there are learning phenomena, these defects in the SVM algorithm can be well solved.Source: Http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangchaoyangA summary of machine learning problem methods
Big class
Name
Keywords
Supervised classification
Decision Tree
Information gain
Ca
. However, there is a better neural network model, which is the restricted Boltzmann machine. The method of using Cascade Boltzmann machines to form deep neural networks is called deep belief network DBN in deep learning, which is a very popular method at present. In the following terms, the self-associative network is called the Self-coding network Autoencoder. By cascading the deep network of self-coded n
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