because the computer operation is a modulo operation, the representation of the data range is limited, such as int (c + + in the same int and long) expression range ( -2^31~2^31-1), unsigned long (unsigned integer) is (0~2^32-1), are about billions of. If a real type is used, the largest double can be saved to provide only a valid number of 15~16 bits, that is, only the number of trillions can be accurately expressed. Therefore, when the number of digits exceeding more than 10 bits is calculated
The following is a brief list of common recommended system metrics:
1. Accuracy rate and Recall rate (Precision Recall)
Accuracy and recall rates are two measures widely used in the field of information retrieval and statistical classification to evaluate the quality of the results. The accuracy is to retrieve the number of related documents and the total number of documents retrieved, to measure the precisio
Let's look at two questions:
0.1 + 0.2 = 0.3; False9999999999999999 = 10000000000000000; True
The first problem is the problem of decimal precision, which has been discussed in many blogs in the industry. The second problem is that last year, the company had a system of databases in the data revisions, found that some of the strange phenomenon of duplication of data. This article will start from the specification, to the above question to make a sum
Https://www.cnblogs.com/herbert/p/3402245.htmlBasisThe floating-point number is represented by the machine's double-precision (a-bit) of the floating-point number. provides approximately 17 bits of precision and ranges from 308 to 308 of the exponent. Same as the double type in the C language. Python does not support a single-precision floating-point number of 32
In recent several posts, and QQ group discussion inside, I found that many users have encountered the problem is due to improper use of single-precision/double-precision values. So I want to talk about this topic specifically.Single-and double-precision numeric types first appear in the C language (in a more general language), and the single-
BasisThe floating-point number is represented by the machine's double-precision (a-bit) of the floating-point number. provides approximately 17 bits of precision and ranges from 308 to 308 of the exponent. Same as the double type in the C language. Python does not support a single-precision floating-point number of 32bit. If your program requires precise control
Copy Code code as follows:
#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include using namespace Std;
const int MAXL = 500;
struct Bignum
{
int NUM[MAXL];
int Len;
};
High accuracy Comparison a > B return 1, a = = b return 0; A int Comp (Bignum a, Bignum b)
{
int i;
if (A.len!= B.len) return (A.len > B.len)? 1:-1;
for (i = a.len-1 i >= 0; i--)
if (A.num[i]!= b.num[i])
Php:bcmathNBSP;BC is the abbreviation for binary calculator. The arguments to the bc* function are the operands plus an optional [int scale], such as String Bcadd (String $left _operand, String $right _operand[, int $scale]), if scale is not provided , the default value of Bcscale is used. Here the large number is directly represented by a string of 0-9, and the result of the calculation is also a string. bcadd-adds two high-precision numbers bccomp-c
Double Hypot (double x,double y)/return the length of a right-angled triangle hypotenuse (z)
double fabs (double x)//returns the absolute value double
log (double x)//of a double-precision parameter X Returns the value of Logex
double log10 (double x)/return the value of log10x double
pow (double x,double y)/return x^y value
double pow10 (int p)// Returns a value of 10p
double sqrt (double x)//returns the radical double ACOs (double x) of X to
retur
Many users have the experience of making CHM documents, perhaps to share information with others, or to help themselves develop software. Although the web search CHM production software results are numerous, but the real use is not much, can be called excellent only a few. Among them I think excellent and free only Precision Helper, called the best free CHM production software.
Why do you say it's good?
1, new users can quickly start, easy to use:
15 Quiz for Professional testers to uncover the veil of "precision testing"What is precision testing? is software testing necessary to achieve accuracy? Does the accuracy increase the cost of testing? How does precision testing affect ordinary test engineers and even the testing industry? Let's take this series of questions to focus on the 15 questions and answer
Single-precision floating-point numbers are 4 bytes (32bit) representing floating point numbersUses the IEEE754 standard computer floating-point number, in the interior is uses the binary system to representFor example: 7.22 with a 32-bit binary is not enough.So it's not accurate.
A summary of the problem of float data type in MySQLFor floating-point column types, a single value in MySQL uses 4 bytes, and a double value of 8 bytes.
The float type is
The precision of floating-point numbers is not JavaScript-specific, because some decimal places are infinite in binary notation Analytics nbsp; JavaScript only has one numeric type number, and all the numbers in JavaScript are represented in IEEE-754 standard format. The precision problem with floating-point numbers is not JavaScript-specific, because some decimal digits are infinite in binary notation: n
What is precision: The total number of decimal digits that can be stored, including the left and right digits of the decimal point. The precision must be a value from 1 to the maximum precision 38. The default precision is 18.
Scale: The maximum number of decimal digits that can be stored to the right of the decimal po
In the x86/x64 system, because the x87 FPU hardware uses the extended double precision format, it is bound to encounter the interchange between the Single/double precision format and the double extended-precision format. convert to Extended double precision number
When converted from a single-
Introduction: This article mainly introduces the current mainstream Springboot framework projects and precision testing tools to combine and application, through the accurate testing of data penetration, collection, test cases and code of two-way traceability, data analysis and other unique features of a series of precision testing, to achieve the quality assurance of the project. This environment is divi
background
In the blog disgusting 0.5 rounding problem in the article see a question about 0.5 not correct rounding. The main thing is that after the double conversion to BigDecimal, rounding does not get the correct result:
public class Bigdecimaltest {public
static void Main (string[] args) {
double d = 301353.05;
BigDecimal decimal = new BigDecimal (d);
System.out.println (decimal);//301353.0499999999883584678173065185546875
System.out.println ( Decimal.set
0010110000011100110011001100110011001100110011001100
As can be seen from here, the main reason is that the binary code makes the decimal parts can not be fully accurate representation, such as 0.4 = 0.25 + 0.125 + ..., only infinitely close. Therefore, the calculation of floating-point number will produce precision error.
Solution: High Precision
BigDecimal in Java can support arbitrary-
(as given expressed in the Put base). The second output line should is the output base followed by a space then the input number (as expressed in the output bas e). The third output line is blank.
Sample Input
8
2 abcdefghiz
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890
3a0c92075c0dbf3b8acbc5f96ce3f0ad2
333ymhoue8jplt7ox6k9fycq8a
946b9aa02mi37e3d3mmj4g7bl2f05
1VBDKSIMJL3JJRGADLUFCAWJ
5 Dl9mdswqwhjdntokcswe1s
5 10 42104444441001414401221302402201233340311104212022133030
Sample Output
Abcdefghiz
2 1
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