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Variable scope (scope) is an easy place to drop holes in python.There are 4 scopes in Python, namely:
L (local) local scope
In functions outside of the E (enclosing) closure function
G (Global) scope
B (built-in) built-in scopes
To l–> e–> g–>b rules to find, that is: in the local can not find, will go to local outside the
the def in thisThe variable x in the assignment is a completely different variable.The function defines the local scope, and the module defines the global Scope. These two scopes have the following relationship:1. The embedded module is a global scope. Each module is a global scope. An external
static variables
The static variable is on the stack and is a global variable that has been generated at compile time.
public class Cow
{public
static int count;
private int id;
Public Cow ()
{
id = ++count
}
}
The client creates 2 cow instances and prints the static
I. static member variables
For all objects of a specific type, you may need to access a global variable. For example, count the number of created objects of a certain type.If we use global variables, the Data encapsulation will be broken. Generally, the user code can modify this global
at all.
I'm going to write the project, and within the class method I'm definitely going directly through@nameOperation without using theSelf.nameOrNameTo do it, don't you think?
The Start with a variable is an instance variable, and the instance variable belongs to a particular object.
Person. sayHello is a class method;The self parameter is actually the difference between a method and a function: A method binds their first parameter to its instance, so this parameter does not have to be provided;Copy codeThe Code is as follows:>>> Class Person:... Name = 'unkown'... Def sayHello (self ):... Print ('I \ 'M' + name)...>>>>>> Person. sayHello (None)Traceback (most recent call last ):File "
Tag: Phone class exists line execution character string named spanGlobal variables: Global variables can be accessed throughout the program scope.Local variable: A local variable can only be accessed within its declared function.Globvar= 0Def Set_globvar_to_one (): global
. The red part is the method name, indicating that the parameter is followed. That is, the actual name of the method is initWithNAme: and::
Method call:
[FirstClass print]; // call the class method FirstClass * node = [FirstClass alloc] init] through the class name; // generate the FirstClass object
[Node initWithName: @ "codebat" andAge: 21]; // call the Parameter Function
Attributes and variables
A
the assignment is to erase the object's current value and replace it with a new value.When used with class-type objects, the replication form and the direct form of the initialization are different. Direct initialization directly calls a constructor that matches an argument, and replication initialization always calls the copy constructor. Copy initialization first creates a temporary object with the specified constructor, and then copies that tempor
In fact, python is a real dynamic language. The variable name in the Code is not "declared" or "defined, the language itself does not provide any special syntax for declaring or defining variables (except global ). For programmers, This is a benefit and a danger, such as the following code:
Count = Total = 1Delta = 0.7While total Total + = delta * (count * count
Python class definition, inheritance and class object usage method concise tutorial, python concise tutorial
The concept of classes in Python programming can be compared to the description of a certain type set. For example, "human" can be considered as a
http://blog.csdn.net/lovingprince/article/details/6627555Several concepts:
The code snippet in which Python can change the scope of a variable is Def, class, Lamda.
If/elif/else, try/except/finally, For/while are not involved in variable scope changes, which means that the variables in their code bl
case uses ${$a}[1].
Class properties can also be accessed through variable property names. A mutable property name is obtained from the access scope of the variable where the call is generated. For example, if your expression is this: $foo-$bar, the runtime will look for the variable $bar within the scope of the loca
#Method Three:>> Serviceport ="'. Join (['CONFIG.', ServiceName,'Port'])>>port =eval (serviceport)>>Print "%s:%d"%(ServiceName, Port)#Output Resultsservice1port:8001Service2port:8002Service3port:80031. Locals ()Locals is a built-in function of Python, and he can access local and global variables in a dictionary way.Python uses namespaces to record variables, like JavaScript's window, which records various
This article mainly introduces the scope of the index variable under the for loop in Python, which is the basic knowledge in Python learning. This article provides an example of Python3 to help readers understand, for more information, see start a Test. What are the functions of the function below?
def foo(lst): a = 0 for i in lst: a += i b = 1 for t
. external variables
The scope of an external variable is the largest. Its scope is the whole program. The definition and description of an external variable are two different things, which are a feature of this variable. An external class variable can be defined only once i
Some member variables have a special data type, and they are initialized differently from the member variables of the normal data type. These special types of member variables include:A. ReferencesB. ConstantsC. StaticD. Static constants (integer type)E. Static constants (non-integral type) constants and references, which must be initialized through a parameter list. The initialization of static member variables is also quite special, it is initialized outside the
I. Definition of variablesVariables are used to store various identifiers that require temporary storage of data that can be changed while the program is running, a variable should have a name, and a storage unit in memory that holds the value of the Variable.II. Declaration of variables1 # !/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*-coding:utf-8-*- 3 4 " Wupeiqi "The code above declares a
Let's start with a test. What is the function of the following functions?
def foo (LST): a = 0 for i in LST: A + = i b = 1 for T in LST: b *= I return a, b
If you think its function is "calculate the and product of all elements in LST", don't be depressed. It is often difficult to find errors here. If you find this error in a large heap of real code, it's very powerful. -When you don't know this is a test, it's hard to find this error.
The mistake here is to use I instead of T in
In this regard, let me begin by saying something about:The callback function must be a static member function or a global function to implement a callback function, presumably because a normal C + + member function implies a function parameter, the this pointer, C + + By passing the this pointer to a member function, the implementation function can access the data members of a particular object of the class
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