Director of Higher Education Department of Ministry of Education: Higher vocational College is no longer a student concentration camp

"Higher vocational colleges have lost the hat of" expensive school and difficult employment ". Society is also eliminating the "poor students to read higher vocational" bias, China's own new model of higher vocational education is gradually established.　　June 16, Zhang Yao, director of the Ministry of Education, said in an exclusive interview with China Youth Daily that this is the biggest change in the development of China's higher vocational education in ten years. Zhang Yao, who entered the Ministry of Education in July 1999 and sits on the post of Director of higher education for more than eight years, is clear about the development track of higher vocational education in China. "The development of higher vocational education in China has undergone a difficult process," he said. In the initial stage, "high fees, poor students, employment is difficult" to become the higher vocational development on the road of "three mountain." However, under the correct leadership of the party committee, the State Council and the Ministry of Education, after nearly ten years ' endeavor, higher vocational education has become the "half of the Chinese higher education", the employment rate of higher vocational students is soaring, and the higher vocational colleges are no longer "concentration camps" for students.　　Speaking of which, Zhang Yao a confident smile on his face. As the author and executive director of a series of reform measures and policies in higher vocational education, the Zhang Yao decade presided over the development of the Ministry of Education (High) 2006 16th, which has significant and widespread impact in higher vocational schools, and the evaluation programme for higher vocational schools, which was launched in 2008 throughout the country.　　In addition, he was the head of the Panel of Evaluation experts at the hundred Exemplary vocational college and played an important role in the selection of the model vocational College and the formulation of the construction programme.　　When it comes to the major issues such as how to position the higher vocational education, what kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate people, and how to develop in the future, Mr Cheung is familiar with the situation. Ten years has proved: vocational education is a different type of education Zhang Yao recalls that since the reform and opening up, China's higher vocational education has undergone five stages: 1977-1984 years of comprehensive recovery, 1985 began ten years of exploration and adjustment, 1994-1998 years to establish higher vocational education, 1999~　　2004 the rapid development of scale, 2005 to date to improve the overall quality and strengthen the connotation of construction.　　According to him, 1998, 1999 high vocational education into the "fast track" at the beginning there is a fierce debate, the issue of the debate focused on two: first, higher vocational education is a type of higher education, or a level of education? If the higher vocational education is located in the higher education level, that is the specialty.　　If it is oriented to type education, it is a completely different kind of education with "academic type", then it should have a complete supporting system at different levels, such as college, undergraduate, even engineering master and engineering doctor. The controversy lasted until the 2006 Ministry of Education's 16th document on improving the quality of higher vocational education.　　This document clearly defines higher vocational education as a type of higher education, and emphasizes the cultivation of highly skilled and practical talents with professional ethics, survival and adaptability and sustainable development through the combination of work and school and the way of cooperation between schools and enterprises. TwoWhat is the difference between higher vocational and higher professional? Colleges in our country generally refers to teachers colleges, medical professionals, the school system than the university to reduce a year, from the training objectives and curriculum settings compared with the undergraduate, although the degree of a slight, but the subject does not have too many differences, can be said to be the undergraduate "compressed biscuits." Higher vocational education emphasizes the cultivation of skills and hands-on ability.　　Because in the past in how to cultivate students ' hands-on ability and skills, has not found a good model, so our higher vocational curriculum is still mainly in the classroom teaching and confirmatory tests, but also a disguised form of the undergraduate "compression cookies."　　In fact, regardless of the higher vocational or the high professional, all should pay attention to the student skill and the basic theory knowledge two aspects training, the difference only according to the domain difference, teaches the student the practical ability and the theory basic knowledge request and the degree are different. Higher vocational education is no longer the "compression biscuit" of the undergraduate course. As early as 1998, the Department of Higher Education began to pay attention to the development trend of higher vocational colleges.　　In the process of exploration, it is easy to follow the trend of the people and the convergence of the road: One said to pay attention to the practice, to abandon the basic theory of teaching; a mention can not ignore the foundation, immediately back to the traditional classroom teaching mode. "So far, the mode of running a higher vocational college in China is in fact a continuous struggle between the cultivation of highly skilled and practical talents and the" compression cookie "model of the undergraduate program. and Zhang Yao insists that" higher vocational talent training can not be carried out in accordance with the "Academic model" mode, can not be made into the higher vocational college "compressed biscuits. After visiting the community college in Salt Lake City and other places in the United States in 2000, Zhang Yao A further understanding of the development of higher vocational education. The American community College has opened up the barrier between the enterprise and the school, and become a kind of vocational education combining production practice and actual environment. If the students learn the building site is the workshop, the truck can drive in.　　Students in the morning while learning, the Assembly of the House to do a good job, the afternoon to use the car to the construction site assembly.　　At another community college, he saw that all the repair tools and equipment of the students were taken from Ford, students were taught by Ford engineers, bad cars came in, instructors were instructed to instruct students on how to repair, and students learned practical applications. Zhang Yao Analysis, the German "dual system" of the vocational education model is to enable students to strengthen practical training during the study period, the United States model by allowing students to participate in practical work to cultivate students ' practical ability. "China's higher vocational education copied foreign models are impractical, can only learn from foreign successful advanced experience, adhere to the combination of production practices and the road to train practical talent." Thus, the Hunan Yongzhou Vocational and Technical college located at the junction of Xiang Yue Gui is destined to become a turning point in the development of higher vocational education in China. 1998 by Yongzhou Xiao, Health School merged Yongzhou Vocational and Technical college, both lack of money and no training base, students after graduation less. They set up a 3条万-scale ecological pig production line, from piglets to slaughter in just 114 days. Students are learning to work on the production line whileLearned to pig, feed preparation, and mastered the disease prevention, treatment technology.　　Children from the countryside can not only work-study program, do not have to pay for school, and after graduation can be established farms, independent entrepreneurship, better solve the local economic development and student employment and other pressing issues. 2002, the Ministry of Education organized the National High vocational Colleges in southern Hunan This college held a "based on local economy, to carry out production and learning cooperation," the on-site meeting to promote their work together with the school experience.　　The following two years in Wuhan Vocational and Technical College, Wuxi Vocational and Technical College held a CNC processing technology, three production services, such as the theme of the meeting, to promote the combination of the administrative means of engineering, training students ' skills and practical ability of the higher vocational development model. Professional ethics first, vocational skills second "higher vocational education should put adherence to professional ethics education in the first place." "Originally thought Zhang Yao school expression is wrong, did not think his tone firmly said," Yes! I'm talking about professional ethics first, professional skills second. "A few years ago, Zhang Yao had bought a domestic famous brand of bicycles, ready to ride to work." Before the use of new cars, but also specifically to find the master fastening the components.　　Unexpectedly, just rode a few kilometers, axle loose, chain off, finally had to push the bike home. It was a great thrill to him. "The product of Chinese enterprises to compete with the German and Japanese goods quality, we must cultivate a new generation of highly skilled industrial workers." In this process, the professional moral road is more important than anything else. Only by putting the professional ethics in the first place in the higher vocational education can we cultivate the people who find work and work well.　　He stressed. In the process of carrying out order cultivation and post practice, higher vocational colleges should consider the system of personnel training. He believes that the new era of social demand is changing, what is the goal of students training, how to design basic courses, professional courses and practical practice, do not fall into the "slogan for slogans, Internship for internship," the metaphysical misunderstanding, to find a company to sign a contract, internship students as a low-cost labor to throw to the enterprise,　　That's not going to work. The characteristic pattern of higher vocational education in China is forming November 2006, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "on the implementation of the national model of higher vocational schools to accelerate the development of construction plans," asked 3 years in the manufacturing, construction, energy and chemical industry, transportation, electronic information, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and services and other fields to build 100 schools , at the same time, the Ministry of Education has introduced a new talent training evaluation program for higher vocational education, which is based on the combination of engineering and science.　　This has greatly promoted the process of training highly skilled and practical talents in higher vocational education in China according to the way of "combining engineering with school and Enterprise cooperation". "This is a way for higher vocational colleges to develop autonomously".　　Zhang Yao concluded that at present, a small spending, high efficiency, in line with China's national conditions, can make schools, enterprises and students win three Chinese higher vocational education new model is forming, this is called "1221" mode. The first "one" is to make the school into a integrated enterprise and various external resources of the Open platform, for example, enterprises ' equipment can be "borrowed" to schools and can continue to flow; the government can also move public facilities such as libraries to schools, which reduces school investment, facilitates business and government, and increases resource sharing. The first "two" is to pay attention to two systems, that is, to systematically design and promote the training process of practical skills, and systematically design and promote the training process of basic theoretical knowledge.　　These two "wheels" are interrelated and closely combined, which is the focus of the reform of the training mode of higher vocational education. The second "second" is when a student is graduating with two certificates, that is, a diploma and a vocational qualification certificate.　　The last "one" means that the school is also a training platform to serve lifelong learning institutions.　　Zhang Yao that the "1221" model is to promote the combination of engineering and school-enterprise cooperation, the key lies in raising awareness, reform of school and management mechanisms, change the structure of dual-teacher teachers, the systematic design and development of new practice and basic courses and strengthen the base construction. Higher vocational colleges are no longer the "concentration camps" for students. There is a misunderstanding about higher vocational education in the society, and it is considered that higher vocational colleges are the place of inferior and poor student. But in recent years, with the development of economy and society, the diversification of the demand structure of talents, the promulgation and implementation of national supporting policies, and the pilot and popularization of individual enrollment, the higher vocational colleges are no longer "inferior students" or "failed students", but a large number of enthusiastic engineering technology, hoping to master skills　　Many students in the "Sunshine Education, successful education" atmosphere, to find their own life coordinates and confidence, love a line, learn a line, do a line, cultivate a good communication skills, hands-on ability, innovative ability and social adaptability. It is understood that the higher vocational colleges and another important source of students from the community some want to find new jobs, good jobs, or in the original job hope to further improve the skills of the group. "These gratifying changes are based on the open, systematic and sustainable development of the comprehensive educational platform in higher vocational education."　　"Zhang Yao theory, the higher vocational colleges not only gradually open to the society, but also between the disciplines, the professional began to get through." Ten years of practice has proved that all adhere to the employment-oriented, training the social needs of the application-oriented talents of higher vocational colleges, development is fast.　　With a higher employment rate, as well as the higher enrolment rate and enrollment rate, the higher vocational education is winning the government, the Society and the masses ' support and recognition, the higher vocational education workers are more angry, more and more motivated, more and more direction. Looking back on the development of higher vocational ten years, Zhang Yao not only gratified, but also proud: "In such an era of change, we have done a national, to the common people, young students are very valuable things!" ”