Jia Kang: The reform of financial system

Jia Kang: financial system reform is the general trend of public transparency of financial information and other relevant government information.　　Along with the citizen consciousness, the taxpayer consciousness grows, this is the social progress inevitable process, we have no other choice this newspaper reporter/Yang Zhonglian real Estate tax pilot has not been published, has been the taxpayer highly concerned topic.　　Right now, one of the biggest problems in the restructuring of China's tax system is how to avoid the tax reform as a disguised tax increase, but through the improvement of the structure and tax design, so that the tax reforms in the tax increase and reduce the social equity.　　In this respect, has been insisting on perfecting the tax reform of the Ministry of Finance Science Institute director Jia Kang, in 2011 New Year's Day before the "China Newsweek" interview. China Newsweek: Statistics show that government revenue, various social Security income and other non-tax income accounted for more than 30% of GDP, taxpayers generally complained that the tax is too high. In Forbes magazine's 2009-year burden of pain index, China's pain-burden index is as high as 159, ranked second in 65 countries and regions, after France.　　What do you think about the tax burden of Chinese taxpayers?　　Jia Kang: For China's macro-tax burden, in fact, the level is not high, this needs to use data to speak. The index of government revenue as a proportion of GDP needs to form the full caliber of "glance". According to the calculation of China's full-caliber financial revenue, the data of China in the last three years (2007~2009) are 27.6%, 27.9% and 30% respectively. This level can be compared to international comparisons: according to the comparable IMF statistics, the world average of fiscal revenue as a percentage of GDP is 40%, even for developing countries, by 35%.　　From this comparison, we can see that the proportion of Chinese government revenue to GDP is even significantly lower than the average level of developing countries, how can we say that the proportion of fiscal revenue is too high? If it is according to the level of per capita revenue, China's current ranking in the world is still more than hundreds. If the coefficient of personal tax burden is taken into account, it should be pointed out that China accounts for more than half of the total population of rural population without any direct tax.　　In Forbes ' pain Index rankings, there are a number of low-level errors in the calculation method.　　Of course, we must attach great importance to the social members of the high tax burden, feeling unfair complaints, which is mainly related to the pattern of income distribution and income disparity, and service-oriented government construction is not in place. First, the proportion of Chinese residents ' income to total national income has been declining for years. Data show that from 1996 to 2007, the proportion of Chinese residents ' income in national income distribution fell from 69.3% to 57.5%, the cumulative decline was 11.8%, while the share of corporate profits increased from 21.2% to 31.3% in the same period. At present, as the main channel of income of Chinese residents, the proportion of wage income in the production factors is low, which only accounts for the operating cost of the enterprise.To 10%, far below the developed world of 50%. In the social wealth of the "cake" segmentation, Corporate income growth is more obvious.　　As for government revenue, it is from the beginning of the reform and opening up 30% levels, down to the 1995 10.3% lows after the resumption of growth, and a growing part of it is used as transfer payments to support the income growth of low-income groups.　　I believe that with the policy optimization and economic development, as well as the reform of state-owned enterprises, anti-monopoly measures, the proportion of residents ' income will gradually increase. China Newsweek: The 17 session of the V Plenary adopted the CPC Central Committee on the formulation of national economic and social Development of the 12th five-year plan, pointed out that to expand the scope of value-added tax collection, the recent public consultation of the draft tax law has even been questioned as a disguised tax increase and negative, Even a long-running property tax has raised concerns about tax increases.　　How do you understand the taxpayers ' concerns? Jia Kang: In recent years, China's income gap in the expansion of the Gini coefficient has reached 0.47 high, located in the "income gap is too large" in the upper half of the range. To deal with and solve this problem, it is necessary to strengthen the Government's redistribution ability in the distribution system of "political control and financial management", that is, through the "direct taxation" of personal income tax and real estate tax, "抽肥补瘦", and appropriately raise the proportion of fiscal revenue to GDP,　　And then increase the transfer payments to low-income groups to improve their real life situation.　　In recent years, our country's financial distribution has been increasing social security expenditure, supporting the establishment and improvement of social security system, promoting the establishment of social security system covering urban and rural residents, in order to let people lift their worries, can be more assured consumption, better enjoy the results of reform and opening up. From the available financial resources, our country can be used for the overall arrangement of public revenue accounted for the proportion of GDP is significantly lower. Under the current management system, the fiscal revenue of our country basically only can be used to guarantee and improve the public expenditure of people's livelihood.　　2007 China's public revenue accounted for 19.9% of GDP, 2008 was 19.5%, 2009 was 20.4%, significantly lower than the foreign level. During the Twelve-Five-year period, we should consider the tax reform in a step-by-step way. The resource tax has been tested in Xinjiang, and subsequent reforms need to be fully prepared, especially in the context of the reform of the monopoly industry. From the short to medium term, there is obviously a real estate tax reform, which is not only supporting the institutional framework, but also supporting the healthy development of the real estate, and is closely related to the redistribution of income. In the medium term, we must solve the problem of the timely introduction of social Security tax and environmental tax.　　In China, the issue of inheritance tax should be considered in the medium and long term. China Newsweek: People's worries about the high tax burden are closely related to our social security and public service, and the reform of government expenditure is also the focus of social attention. How will taxpayers ' money be spent in the future, andWhat will be used?　　Jia Kang: In addition to the central government expenditure for the central government, more is used to the local tax return and transfer payments, balance between regional financial differences, especially to focus on supporting the central and western regions to improve people's livelihood.　　According to the data, the proportion of the central income to the national revenue in 2009 was 52.4%, but the central government expenditure accounted for only 20.1% of the national fiscal expenditure, and the central government's tax refund and transfer payments from 1994 to 2.8621 trillion yuan in 2009. Local finance has also been increasingly prominent over the years to improve people's livelihood.　　The expenditure on the equalization of basic public services should be the most important part of its financial use.　　Moreover, the transparency of "where and where to go" and the strengthening of the role of public monitoring mechanisms, both central and local, are crucial issues that are related to reform and enhanced management.　　China Newsweek: A lot of budget spending has not been refined openly, there seems to be a "professional can not understand, the layman does not know" situation? Jia Kang: We must admit that there is a problem of high administrative cost and low financial distribution performance.　　Although there is a clear demand for government affairs and budget information publicity, there are many positive efforts at different levels of the central and local areas, but they are not good enough to adapt to the new situation and demands of the people's citizen consciousness and the taxpayers ' consciousness. Since 1998, under the guidance of the "public finance" guideline, a series of technological innovations, such as system innovation, management innovation and "Gold Finance Project", have been carried out, and measures have been taken to compress administrative funds, which have already played a role in lowering administrative costs. In recent years, the Ministry of Finance to the financial performance evaluation requirements and related measures are also improving.　　However, we must see that the people's satisfaction in this respect is still not high, especially in the government budget information transparency, the budget arrangement rationality, the budget management scientific, the refinement level enhancement aspect, we also must combine the economy, the administration, even the political system coordinated reform, makes the massive meticulous work and the long-term effort. Public transparency of financial information and other relevant government information is a general trend. With the citizen consciousness, the taxpayer consciousness grows, this is the social progress inevitable process, we have no other choice.　　It is also a kind of comprehensive reform how to promote the information openness, especially the system construction from the budget to other government information publicity.　　China Newsweek: What is the core of financial system reform? Jia Kang: In my opinion, the core of the financial reform is to provide an effective system for the economic and social transformation and the implementation of the scientific concept of development. In the new round of price-tax reform to solve the Resource price property price, human Resource price and other factors such as price formation mechanism and allocation mechanism, but also to further solve how to take the economic means as the main and how to achieve the transformation of public service-oriented government, so that indirect regulation more responsive to the new requirements of the development of socialist market economy, Including the need for a compound taxFurther reform of the system. This kind of reform pulls the whole body, certainly also must have one and its matching government transformation. For example, how to define the powers of all levels, how to carry out a substantial financial transformation in accordance with the requirements of public finance, and this transformation should be able to drive and promote the overall supporting transformation.　　It can be said that this transformation will not be limited to the economic level, it must be related to the administrative system reform, political reform, social life and other aspects of the supporting reforms.　　From the perspective of the financial system, I think it is now on the basis of the comprehensive reform of the provincial and Township counties, in the "Twelve-Five" period to make the five financial framework flattened to the three-level framework, the financial system of flat reform, from the fiscal tax division in the province following the implementation of a complete set of reforms in the market economy of the prerequisite conditions. We hope to promote the substantive reform in "Twelve-Five", to build the financial system and tax system, which is conducive to the scientific development, by constructing the right and the proper distribution of tax base, and finally achieving the matching of financial and power.　　The basic feature is to reduce the level five framework to the level three framework, in order to make each level of the three level a reasonable power, then have a reasonable allocation of the financial right (the key is to have a reasonable tax base), and then form a modern sense of the budget, to make it open, transparent, and let the public participate in social supervision. The western region can be the leading source of resources tax, the formation of financial support, other areas to the real estate tax, can also be called Real estate tax, is the property tax and prepared to change the provisions of the property tax on the introduction of the real estate to retain the link tax, so that the general local taxation system in the　　More shared components between city, county, province and central government can be reduced gradually. In this case, the place can be consistent with the market economy, sustainable development objective requirements of the pursuit of performance, but also can be standardized to have the right to borrow and property rights, coupled with the central, provincial and top-down transfer payments, the less developed areas of the city and county grassroots difficulties are expected to be resolved, this is the How to reconcile the financial system with the indirect regulatory framework of market economy, how to correctly deal with the relationship between the government and the market, and the society, and taxpayers, its basic appearance, even if the rough frame, but also in the "Twelve-Five" period of the general formation is good. ★ Prev Page 12345 Next