The minimum life span of a photon is exascale year-up to 10 of 18, or longer than the life of the universe.

The photoelectric effect of Einstein's proposed optical quantization, when metals release electrons after absorbing photons, we can calculate the energy of light quanta based on the equation, the photon is an elementary particle, the mass is considered to be 0, and many of the properties of photons have been discovered by physicists, but does the photon have a lifetime?

Physicists from Germany have found that photons live for three years in their frame of reference, but if we are in our frame of reference, the photon life will increase significantly, reaching 10 of the 18-year.

Some studies have suggested that photons have a definite lifespan, and in fact astronomers are looking at distant objects to receive photons emitted by distant objects billions of of years ago, but according to some theoretical studies, photons can have a non-zero mass of rest, even though the mass is very small. The researchers found that the mass ceiling was 10 minus 18 electron volts, and the photons could decay into other lighter elementary particles, such as neutrinos and anti-neutrinos, or even some of the currently unknown particles, which might have gone beyond the Standard model of particle physics.

Scientists at the Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany, Julian Heck that we can find signs of photon decay through cosmological observations, cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is a message that was left behind when the universe was young, and the Big Bang took place only 380,000 years ago, and before that, the matter in the universe was intrinsically associated with radiation, As the universe undergoes a boom, hot plasma and light nuclei begin to cool down, allowing neutral atoms to form and photons to "travel" in space. With the passage of time and the expansion of the universe, its wavelength is gradually stretched, based on the detection results of the cosmic Background Detection satellite (COBE), the WMAP detector and the Planck space Telescope, the CMB spectrum is the most accurate measurement of the blackbody spectral properties.

Julian Heck found CMB to be an almost perfect blackbody, combined with the limitations of mass and cosmic microwave background radiation, photons can be found to live for three years in their stationary frame of reference, but these small-mass photons can live up to 10 of the 18-year-old in time and space at near-light speeds.