A survey of the survival status of the new generation peasant workers: the expectation

Just a few months ago, in the impression of Yao, a junior student at the University of Suzhou, the peasant worker's image was "carrying a snake pouch, ragged clothes, and a confused eye".　　Now he's starting to get to know today's migrant workers: they dragged their suitcases into town, with a strong sense of self-awareness, "higher education, higher professional levels, higher material and spiritual enjoyment, less work tolerance," they call the new generation of migrant workers. The image of the new peasant worker is Yao after a few months of research. "The new generation of migrant workers in general from the employment skills and psychological expectations of their own positioning in the city ... From this point of view, the new generation of migrant workers should be more than the older generation of migrant workers have a better living conditions and more strong rights and interests, they expect their fate is industrial workers, citizens, not farmers.　　"Starting from the summer of 2010, Yao and more than 20 students from Suzhou University carried out research on the new generation of migrant workers, through the analysis of 648 effective questionnaires and one-on-one interviews, they have a fresh understanding of their peers." Not only in Suzhou, at the same time, Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou and other 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, are active in the research team composed of college students, research is the new generation of migrant workers and their children's social integration, and eventually formed a total of more than 50,000 words of the research report, "the farmers, New citizens?"　　》。 More than 500 university students completed more than 6,000 samples of the investigation "this research has more than 6,000 samples, the domestic provincial level of the new generation of migrant workers in the study, there are few such a large sample size."　　Mengxiangyuan, director of the Department of Social Work at Nanjing Forestry University, argues that the value of the research lies in the selection and scale of the sample, on the other hand, the trained investigators interviewed more than 200 cases one-on-one, and the quantitative investigation combined with qualitative research ensured the quality of the investigation.　　According to the head of Jiangsu Provincial party committee, the 2010 summer, the party committee in the province launched 19 colleges and universities, formed 19 key teams, mobilized more than 500 university students, face-to-face interview more than 6,000 migrant workers, the province of the new generation of migrant workers and migrant workers of the rights and interests of underage children social investigation. July 14, 2010, Jiangsu Provincial party Committee held a special training and started the work. 19 Research point team members are mainly composed of sociology and related professional students, each team 20~30 people, with 1 professional instructors, 1 college cadres.　　The CPC Provincial party committee in conjunction with relevant experts, research and design the "New generation of migrant workers living conditions questionnaire" and "migrant workers underage children living status questionnaire", according to the distribution of rural migrant workers in Jiangsu Province, determined 19 teams of survey samples. After the summer of 2010, more than 500 college students completed a survey of 4,746 new generation migrant workers, and interviewed 1278 generation and second generation migrant workers to learn about their underage children. The research report uses detailed data to point out the living conditions and housing consumption level of the new generation peasant workers, and the economicIncome and living expenses, labor protection, social security policy, identity discrimination, social participation, psychological guidance, personal career development and other issues, and put forward relevant recommendations. "The most important feature of this activity is that investigators use one-on-one interviews to conduct research and select a typical case for in-depth interviews."　　The head of Jiangsu Provincial party committee, the team used the summer vacation about half a month to complete the sample interview and in-depth interviews, team members through the most vivid case story, the new generation of Jiangsu peasant workers and migrant workers underage children experience, forming a "new generation of migrant workers and migrant workers in depth interview record." "By sorting out the discovery, their encounters mainly focus on illegal employment, industrial accidents, personal injury or discrimination, arrears of wages, medical difficulties, difficulties in entering the school, Petitions, migration difficulties, illegal crimes and so on, the interview is half open, mainly around the incident, the cause, the result, the relevant departments as, 10 aspects, such as social organization and other viewpoints, are carried out, and there are 220 effective cases.　　The head of Jiangsu Provincial party committee of the Party. The "dialogue" that has surprised college students is very quick, with five or six migrant workers pushing the door. But unlike the peasant workers I remember, they are neatly dressed ... A sitting down to take out the pen to fill quickly, the original they are the contractor ... Seeing this, we can only hope to be able to reach the front-line workers thereafter.　　"This is from the member log of Yao's team, which was a surprise to them when they went to a construction site to do research in the first few days," he said. But further research makes them realize: "The new generation of migrant workers compared with their parents, the general better education, at least junior high school graduation, if they return to the site, it is impossible to do the brush wall piling work, engaged in management is a relatively normal phenomenon." This is also reflected in the overall research report.　　Statistical analysis shows that the new generation of peasant workers have a relatively high overall education level--55.7% of the new generation of migrant workers to reach high school, secondary school or above, primary and secondary school education of the New generation of migrant workers accounted for only 6.9% of the total.　　Mengxiangyuan also noted that the political landscape of the new generation of migrant workers is undergoing positive changes, with the proportion of Communists and league members increasing. "The relatively high level of education for the new generation of migrant workers has made them more hopeful about the future," the report said.　　"Yao and his classmates found an interesting phenomenon in their research, some young migrant workers in the electronics manufacturing enterprises to work, do not like the work environment there, quit, play two months, want to work, and then go out to find a job," especially the electronics industry-related work, for them, it is not difficult for them. " "Despite this, they are still discriminated against in the cities."　　Yao said that, for example, renting a house, some landlords have heard that the house is to be rented out to migrant workers, and that the costs are higher than those for locals. From understanding to helping the previous generationMigrant workers groups, the new generation of migrant workers working life situation has changed. However, university students involved in the research said there is no denying that most of them are vulnerable groups.　　Through research, college students also deepen their understanding of them. In an interview conducted at the Nanjing Forestry University, an investigator accidentally fell from a construction site's shelf, causing a fractured left leg. The boss took him to the hospital and stayed for several days, because the high medical costs did not continue to live, from the hospital moved back to the site.　　At the construction site, all the expenses are from the peasant laborer's own savings, he also has no wages to lead, ultimately can not maintain life on the home. The total report shows that 23.8% of the new generation of migrant workers engaged in dangerous, toxic, harmful jobs or positions. The proportion of units that do not provide the necessary labor protection supplies is 39.7%.　　And 57.6% of the new generation of migrant workers do not know the relevant provisions of the compensation standards for casualties.　　Wanyan, a junior student at the Nanjing Forestry University who participated in the research, said that he had learned about the situation of peasant workers before, but only heard that when she saw the new generation of migrant workers living in the "only a bed" of the house, only to the plight of migrant workers have a personal experience.　　Wanyan classmate Xu Xian Jie feeling is that the new generation of migrant workers in addition to the legal aid needs, but also need to help the cultural and psychological level. This is also confirmed in the overall research report. Researchers found that the new generation of migrant workers to choose the way of psychological guidance has a variety of characteristics, 28.6% of the new generation of migrant workers choose to "call the family", 20.6% choose "to find a fellow chat", 17.5% choose "Sleep", 10.6% choice "in the Heart", 8.7% choose "Drink", 1% Choose to conduct professional counseling.　　If you encounter troubles in life, more than half of the new generation of migrant workers choose "Little Help to others", "only on their own, do not accept the help of others." Mengxiangyuan said that through the survey, participants generally felt that new farmers to the public, there is a long way to go.　　In addition to more targeted to help them achieve objective integration, but also the involvement of social organizations and social workers, subjectively to help them integrate into urban life. In fact, some of the students who have participated in the research have begun to practice, and the work of helping the children of migrant workers has already started in some schools.