Economy half Hour: small and medium-sized enterprises will become banks to compete for the main battlefield

Photo 01: A Small business owners in the SME High-level Forum on the sigh of "if which small and medium-sized enterprises say I am short of anything but is not lack of money, it must be a lie." "Lack of money is a common problem for small and medium-sized enterprises, in China, 99% of companies are small and medium enterprises, their contribution to GDP more than 60%, the contribution of more than 50% of tax revenue, providing 80% of urban jobs and 82% of new product development, but they still difficult to get the favor of banks."　　Photo 02: Yang Jiacai, senior economist of China Banking Regulatory Commission, believes that if we rely on the existing financial products of China's banks and the relevant provisions on SME loans, it is impossible to solve the problem of SME financing, we can not change the status of SMEs, then we will change the way we bank credit. (Editor-in-Chief: Mengqing: Chengmanlin camera: Chen Yanpo, Li Hui, Shen Yu, Lippett) Continue our survey of SME financing difficulties. Yesterday, we reported that in Shenzhen, small and medium-sized enterprises financing difficult, difficult in the single financing channels, a small variety, relying heavily on the indirect financing of banks, and banks and security agencies for the benefit and risk of consideration, it is impossible to reduce the threshold of loans. It now seems that it is imperative to innovate in the financial system to finance SMEs.　　Today we go to private economy developed, but also small and medium-sized enterprises in Zhejiang to see. Financial innovation imminent Hangzhou Dafeng Furniture Co., Ltd. Chairman Wang Bao: "The earliest we belong to the pig."　　"Wang Bao is the owner of a furniture factory in Zhejiang Province, in 2002, he made use of the 30,000 yuan earned to start a job, only three years to the rental of the pig farm into a more than 10 million-yuan assets of the furniture factory." Wang Bao: "Always feel like to go up a step more difficult, that is, I finished from 30,000 to set up a factory to 10 million of the accumulation, three years later, this piece is always hovering on this level." "The most important reason for wandering is lack of funds. Wang Bao want to go on a production line to need money, want to bulk purchase of raw materials to reduce costs also need money.　　He thought of a bank loan. Wang Bao: "The initial understanding of the general bank is now a need to mortgage, collateral to do mortgage loans." "Although Wang Bao has more than 10 million yuan of assets, he does not have an asset that can be mortgaged to a bank in exchange for a loan," he said.　　According to incomplete statistics, China currently has 42 million small and medium-sized enterprises, most of them are facing and Wang Bao the same problem, because there is no mortgage, and can not knock open the door of the bank. "If a small business says I am short of anything but is not short of money, it must be a lie." "This is a small business owners in the SME High Level Forum on the sigh." Lack of money is a common problem for SMEs at present. In China, 99% of enterprises are SMEs. They contribute more than 60% per cent of GDP and contribute more than 50% to taxes, providing 80% of urban jobs and 82% of new product development. But they still find it hard to get the bank's favor.。　　So what is the reason to hinder the SME loan? "By the end of 2008, the Small business non-performing loan rate reached 11.6%, it should be said that they are above the entire banking average of 2% of 7, 8%, so it is relatively high risk." The speech of the CBRC representative at the Forum nail the secret. As a bank, the loan for large enterprises is high, the risk is small, but the loan of small and medium-sized enterprises is high cost and big risk.　　Yang Jiacai, senior economist of China Banking Regulatory Commission, believes that it is impossible to solve the problem of SME financing if it relies on the existing financial products of China's banks and the relevant provisions on SME loans. Yang Jiacai, a director of CBRC banking supervision, said: "If we do not innovate, then many of our small and medium-sized enterprises have a lot of effective loan requirements will not enter our bank's loan field, so in this respect must be innovative." "Financial innovation is imminent.　　The reporter learned that the current banking industry is through organizational structure innovation, risk management technology innovation, security collateral innovation, and product innovation and many other ways to change the financing difficulties of SMEs. Yang Jiacai: "We can't change the status quo of small and medium-sized enterprises, then we will change the way we bank credit." "In order to serve small and medium-sized enterprises, some local commercial banks in Zhejiang Province, and actively promote financial innovation in the bank's view, small and medium-sized Enterprises Capital scale, production technology backward, product structure is single, financial system is not perfect, internal control is imperfect, information is opaque, the ability to resist risk is poor The bank loan threshold is high, the approval procedure is complex, many requirements and indicators can not reflect the real situation of the enterprise. How to narrow the gap between the two sides?　　We have also found some innovative attempts in Zhejiang. In the national 4200多万家 Small and medium-sized enterprises, a large number of companies face financing difficulties are the same as Wang Bao because they do not have the assets to be mortgaged. But a financial innovation launched by Alibaba and the local bank has made many small business owners like Wang Bao see hope.　　This financial innovation is the network of the loan method. Alibaba Credit Finance Department senior manager Lu Wei 嬿: "Do this product idea is to from unsecured as a breach, must do unsecured products." "Network UNPROFOR is Alibaba's three member enterprises, mutual guarantee of the way, together to apply for loans to banks." Alibaba provides banks with data on online transactions, and banks make loans after screening.　　Zhong, vice-president of CCB Network Bank, believes that this approach lowers the high cost and high risk of bank lending to SMEs. Zhong, deputy general manager of China Construction Bank's Zhejiang branch, said: "It is also through the network UNPROFOR itself, to solve the internal cost of our bank, so the circle is also a very difficult thing, because he has to bear, a person out of risk, two people to bear, two people out of the risk, other people have to bear. "Wang Bao was the first small business owner to apply for a network. He told reporters that because the network UNPROFOR need to guarantee each other, which makesThey are very cautious in choosing partners. Hangzhou Dafeng Furniture Co., Ltd. Chairman Wang Bao: "One is the integrity of the degree, there is a normal career when you do all aspects of the enterprise are worthy of our consideration." "Lu Wei 嬿:" He will go to investigate each other's wife, the other wife has no gambling, the other son or daughter of those rich second-generation, his development prospects? Where to study, is not a prestigious school, he can really see something deeper than the bank.　　"The financial innovations of Alibaba and CCB have taken a big step forward for traditional financial products, and a small bank that can only face small and medium-sized enterprises is taking a bigger step---taizhou, Zhejiang. Zhejiang Tyrone Commercial Bank chairman Wang Jun: "Profitability is good, risk can also be controlled, the market I feel this is still very large." "In a market in Taizhou, most of the bank's clients are small businesses with a loan limit of only 10.5 million yuan," he said.　　How do they do that when the big banks are not willing to touch clients that the Titans of the bank dare to lend? Wang Jun: "We have 40% of our account manager teams who know their three and three tables face-to-face and back-to-back." "Three products is, a look at character, small business owners should be honest and trustworthy." Second, see whether the product is competitive in the market. Three custody goods, such as cars, houses and other collateral. At the same time, as most small businesses do not have a complete financial statement, the bank will look at the company's other three tables: water meters, meters and customs reports, to understand the production of enterprises.　　This is Tyrone's salesman is looking at their clients, the reporter noted, they chat content from sales to son to go to school all inclusive, while another salesman in the side of the shop to look at the shoes. Zhejiang Tyrone Commercial Bank Customer Manager Lu Wan Zhen: "Quality is also OK."　　"In addition to face-to-face conversations and interviews with corporate bosses, the business manager of the bank will be able to understand the business and production situation through all aspects, such as corporate employees, neighborhood committees, streets, etc. to obtain more comprehensive and accurate information about the enterprise." Wang Jun: "Your relatives and friends, your family status, the shareholder status, etc. we have to know, we have to do so."　　"It is the financial innovation that relies on three products, and the Bank of Thailand has a good grip on risk," he said. Wang Jun: "From the information disclosure of the bank, our yield is still above the medium level." "In fact, the business of the bank is growing, through this carpet-style business survey." At present, the Tai Lung Bank in Lishui, Zhejiang, Hangzhou and other branches.　　Wang Jun hopes to drive the bank farther in the future. Interviewer: "So one day, if Tai Lung is really big, will you be willing to go to a small business?" "Wang Jun:" Big, I feel big business, we did not think. "The reporter learned that at present the country many provinces of small and medium-sized banks have launched a small and medium-sized enterprises in the financial innovation, such as Jiangsu Agricultural credit cooperatives widely promote warehouse list pledge, through the inventory of products as collateral to obtain loansTianjin Binhai Rural Commercial Bank actively carries on the Enterprise Equity Pledge loan.　　Beijing Bank has recently introduced intellectual property as a pledge to obtain loans from banks. Yang Jiacai, a director of China Banking Regulatory Commission, said: "Because the bank is also a business, he also wants to pursue their own benefits, it also wants to expand its own market, so his development must also be driven by innovation." "Alibaba's network UNPROFOR, Taizhou Tai Lung Bank Three goods three, are aimed at the small and medium-sized enterprises pledge insufficient to make the innovation."　　However, in general, the financing situation of SMEs is still not optimistic, at the Lujiazui Financial Forum held last month, Wang Liming, director of the SME division of the Ministry of Industry and Information technology, revealed that after the outbreak of the international financial crisis, SME loans were affected to a certain extent, especially small business loans in the fourth quarter of 2008 overall also fell. For the network UNPROFOR, Alibaba full of confidence, but we in CCB but understand such a situation.　　Registration network of small and medium-sized enterprises have more than 13,000, and through the audit to obtain loans only more than 800, through the rate of 6%. Reporter: "Then we from this number can understand the construction Bank of small and medium-sized enterprises is still very high threshold." "Zhong:" Because we just started to do the pilot, we really do business only more than a year, I think we go down from the tip of the pyramid, step-by-step down, rather than suddenly open the door after we do not know how to deal with the next template.　　"At present, CCB and Alibaba are constantly improving the network of UNPROFOR, hoping to make more like Wang Bao small enterprises to obtain loans." However, one can not ignore the fact that at present in China's 42 million small and medium-sized enterprises, only a small number of companies use E-commerce.　　For most small and medium-sized enterprises, the network is still the mirror of the month, water flowers. Reporter: "The approval of more than 1000 small and medium-sized enterprises with the national 42 million of small and medium-sized enterprises, is really a drop of water in the desert." "Lu Wei 嬿:" Yes, very little. "Reporter:" we sigh its precious, but we can not believe that he can help small and medium-sized enterprises out of trouble. "Lu Wei 嬿:" The current amount, I also feel not high, only more than 1000, but our future in this direction and product design in this direction is to scale to operate.　　"Alibaba hopes to be able to promote the network to the whole country, but the construction bank on this issue appears very cautious." Zhong: "Our first batch of selected is Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shenzhen are some small business integrity is relatively high, and then the economy more developed areas, that when to the West, do not know, say not good." In fact, in Zhejiang Province, in addition to Tyrone commercial banks, Cathay Commercial Bank, Taizhou Commercial Bank and several small commercial banks are doing small business loans business. But we understand that Zhejiang small and medium-sized Enterprises non-performing loan rate is only 1.62%.　　Far below the national average of 11.6% per cent. "We are (non-performing loan rate) is 1.62," said Yang Xiao, director of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, Zhejiang Supervision Bureau.The country is 11.61, Guangdong is 17.49%, Tianjin is 20.53%. "Reporter:" this number is amazing. "Yang Xiao:" It's amazing. Journalist: Do you think you can copy this innovation to the whole country? Especially if you've just seen bad loan rates in other provinces? "Yang Xiao:" I think so, all over the banks have to combine their actual, local reality to explore your own exploration of small business support model, to the small business support mechanism.　　"More importantly, the reporter learned that the financial innovation for small and medium-sized enterprises mainly concentrated in such as Tyrone Bank of Small and medium-sized banks, for the strength of several major state-owned commercial banks, the pace is lagging behind, which is fundamentally caused by SMEs financing difficult to solve the main reasons." Yang Jiacai: "Lofty ideals said that there is, in essence, is a thing, is to compare the benefits in action, that is, small and medium-sized loans and large enterprises of the loan of its risk income is much smaller so it put more, lose more, it is equivalent to some of the enterprise products are not sold after the same, Its production price is higher than its sales price, it produces more, it loses more, so the best choice for the enterprise is not production.　　"How to solve the financing problem of SMEs fundamentally?" In order to serve the small and medium-sized enterprises, some local commercial banks in Zhejiang province actively promote financial innovation.　　However, in order to fundamentally solve the financing problem of SMEs, only these commercial institutions and small banks are still far from enough, abundant capital, the large number of large-scale commercial banks to participate in the necessary. Under the impetus of the government department, the ideas of the major banks are changing and they are beginning to pay attention to SME loans. Bank of China launched a credit facility at the end of April. Is the bank as a factory, small and medium-sized enterprises are raw materials, after entering the assembly line after marketing, sales, business declaration, approval, support, customer maintenance and loan management, access to loans. And the bank is not a person from beginning to finish all links, but sent 7 groups of workers, each put on the assembly line of a link, mass production.　　Simplify the approval process in this way. Ye Wei, director of the SME Business center of Taizhou Branch of Bank of China: "If this market is not done, it is equivalent to giving up a large market, so we have to do this business."　　"At present, the Bank of China is from the business process, risk control, performance appraisal and other aspects of innovation, greatly accelerated the approval speed." Ye Wei: "After such a change, we are now basically within 5 working days to complete the approval of a credit business." "Small and Medium-sized financial services Brand: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank speed loan growth Road Traffic banking exhibition, China Merchants Bank gold Small and medium Enterprises growth Industrial Bank gold Sesame Shenzhen Development Bank supply chain Finance CITIC Bank Small Business growth partner Beijing Bank small giant Ningbo bank Golden Pond Shanghai Bank growth Golden Rule Bank of China Banking Regulatory CommissionRegulatory director Yang Jiacai: "It (financial innovation) can solve a part of the problem, but can not solve the fundamental problems, the root of the problem by WHO to solve, by the Government to solve, you such as tax cuts, compensation, discount these things, we must use economic means to solve this problem, to achieve the commercial sustainable development of bank credit. "Now, Wang Bao has got the construction bank 700,000 Yuan loan, he recently rented this 3000 square meters furniture exhibition hall."　　He believes that business will certainly be better. Hangzhou Dafeng Furniture Co., Ltd. Chairman Wang Bao: "In this way to get a loan through this channel has been satisfied." "Half an hour to observe the media point of view: Small and medium-sized enterprises on the bank is not chicken for SME financing difficult, we also collected the views of the relevant media," economic observer said. With the increase of SME financing pressure, the pace of various financial innovation is also gradually accelerated, some of the small and medium-sized enterprises tailored loan collateral, guarantee methods to help enterprises alleviate the financial pressure, breakthrough the development bottleneck.　　But now it seems that in innovation, there are small and medium-sized commercial banks and businesses like Alibaba, and the movements of large commercial banks are still somewhat sluggish. For the big banks that dominate the financial markets, small and medium-sized enterprises and their minds of high-quality customers a little distance, risk and profit, cost and output ratio is not a horizontal line, but whether it is Taizhou Tyrone and many other small and medium-sized banks success stories or special loans to the poor Yurus all told us that　　Small and medium-sized enterprises are not a tasteless taste of the chicken, but a huge potential for the banks to bring huge benefits of the gold mine. We have also noted that some foreign commercial banks that landed in China have frequently launched financial products for SMEs in the past few years in order to expand the Chinese market. Their flexible and innovative ways and mature risk management mechanism, in the SME loan business has been fully demonstrated, although the immediate benefits may not be high, but the future competitiveness can not be underestimated. And in this year's two sessions, Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of the People's Bank of China, has reminded large commercial banks that with the development of capital markets, large enterprises will increasingly adopt direct financing, which in fact will create a great pressure on the traditional business of commercial banks. If banks do not focus on the study of small and medium-sized enterprises from now on, and increase financial innovation, the loss is a huge market, in the future credit market competition will be in a disadvantageous position.