Rebuilding urban villages and increasing the supply of low-end rental housing

The reformed villages continue to play an active role, that is, to provide rental housing for low-income migrant population, to ensure the income of farmers; from the angle of safeguarding the interests of the residents in the village, we should ensure the quality and safety of the building and improve the living environment; from the angle of safeguarding the public interest, we should improve the land use efficiency in the village,　　Improve the environment of urban villages, optimize the city face. Ministry of Housing and Urban and rural construction Policy Research center Group One, part of the village reform and improve urban housing supply system combined 1. "　　The problem of urban villages "is a difficult problem to be solved in the process of urbanization in China."　　Urban village is a peculiar phenomenon in the process of urbanization in China, in the early stage of urbanization, in order to save the construction cost, in the process of expanding city space, we often adopt the mode of "expropriation without Levy village", which leads to the formation of villages in the village. The main problems of urban villages are as follows: One is the poor living environment. The infrastructure in the village was used only to meet the rural low-density construction and population needs, but with the influx of large numbers of migrant population, water supply, drainage, garbage, electricity, roads and other infrastructure can not carry a large number of needs, most of the city is free from urban management or urban management is weak. Second, the quality of construction is poor. The housing in the village is mostly the villagers use their own homestead to rent, the government's Urban construction project supervision procedure can not restrain the building behavior of rural collective land in the village, which leads to the widespread construction density and many problems of quality safety. Third, land use efficiency is low.　　Although the urban village is a large building density, but in terms of land use efficiency is significantly lower than the level of the city, from the volume rate, urban villages in the volume rate of most less than 1.0, land use efficiency is relatively low.　　2. The housing supply system has a large gap in the supply of low-end rental housing. Although the construction of housing security system in the continuous improvement, but for a long time, because of the housing supply system in the protection of supply and market supply failed to achieve seamless convergence, especially in the housing prices too fast rising city, "sandwich layer" problem outstanding. At the same time, China is in the process of rapid urbanization, a large number of rural population into the city, small and medium-sized cities migrate to large cities, urbanization and economic development objectively formed such a population migration, resulting in a large number of urban housing demand.　　In the existing housing supply system, to meet the demand for low-end rental housing supply gap is large.　　3. Some villages in the city with the provision of low-end rental housing as the main function of the transformation conditions. From the actual situation of our country, we should combine the reform of some villages and the improvement of urban housing system. Urban village in the provision of low-end rental housing for the city has a congenital condition: First, many cities have a certain number of villages. In particular, the southeast coastal developed cities and provincial capitals, with the rapid expansion of the city, formed a large number of villages, and some mega-cities accounted for about 10% of the total area of urban built-up area. The second is that the existing urban villages are actually carrying low-income foreign population rental housingSupply function. According to relevant statistics, about half of the 120 million-140 million migrant workers entering the town live in villages. Third, the location of the village is also suitable for the low-income group rental housing location.　　At present, most urban villages are located in urban and rural areas, from the urban space function allocation and land use perspective, but also suitable for low-income group rental housing location. Second, some urban villages should be reformed to retain the supply function of rental housing, to achieve the advantages and disadvantages of part of the industrial functional areas surrounding the transformation of villages, should be comprehensive analysis of the negative problems and positive role of urban villages. In the transformation of the existing urban villages in the function of "avoiding harm", so that the transformation of the village to continue to play the existing positive role, that is, low-income migrant to provide rental housing, to ensure the income of farmers; from the point of view of safeguarding the interests of the residents in the village, we should ensure the　　From the perspective of safeguarding public interests, we should improve the efficiency of land use, improve the environment and optimize the city's appearance.　　In the transformation of urban villages, we should balance the problems of development, public interests and the protection of low-income groups to win more.　　1. Recognize the existing function, that is, to retain the supply function of rental housing. In the urban space layout should be reasonable allocation of low-end residential needs.　　In the city where the price of housing is rising too fast, and the contradiction between supply and demand of the low-end renting house is more prominent, especially the urban village in the vicinity of urban-rural junction industrial area, the function of reserving the supply of low-end rental housing should be considered, and the optimization transformation should be carried out.　　2. Implementation of renovation, that is to improve the quality of living and environment. To solve the problem of residential security in village, to improve the capacity of public facilities and to optimize living environment is an important problem to be solved in urban village reconstruction.　　To reconstruct or dismantle the high-density dangerous buildings in urban villages as soon as possible, and to extend the city public facilities and public services to the villages, and to realize the coverage of urban public service to the villages in the village.　　3. Improve land efficiency, that is, increase the volume rate, reduce the building density. The volume ratio of the existing urban villages is less than 1.0, the target volume rate should be improved to the general level of the city.　　Improve land use efficiency, increase the number of rental housing supply, for the urban village to increase infrastructure, public facilities, supporting commercial facilities to provide a certain space, reduce the density of buildings, appropriate increase in public green space.　　4. Protect the interests of farmers, that is, to maintain the existing pattern of interests.　　Peasants are the aborigines in the village, and the peasants ' interests should be fully ensured in the process of rebuilding the village, and the original villagers should be the beneficiaries of the transformation in the village. Third, to enhance the low-end rental housing supply function as the core, the innovation model of urban village reform in the city village reform model mainly includes the government-led and the development of enterprise-oriented. In the city where the price rises too fast, the government public housing supply pressure is big, can innovate the Urban Village transformation model, chooses the urban and rural area to carry on the industrial function gathering area periphery's village implementation to enhance the low-end rental housing supply function as the core Village villages transformation, takes the government to raiseFor policy support, rural collective economic organizations for the transformation of the main way to implement the transformation.　　1. The reform takes the rural collective economy Organization as the main body. In the process of rebuilding the city village with the function of promoting the low-end rental housing, we should combine the farmers ' enthusiasm and respect the farmers ' interests, and the farmers will continue to hold and operate the rented housing and obtain the rental income. However, from the previous rental of small peasant economy to the modern management of rental housing, that is, leasing houses are no longer the unit of the operation of the household, but the company holding and operating a modern management mode. To abolish the village committee of the original village, the former collective economic organization shall be transformed into a joint-stock company owned by the collective corporate shareholder and individual shareholder, mainly engaged in housing leasing.　　The original villager is a shareholding individual shareholder, obtains the corresponding income, simultaneously, may voluntarily go to the newly formed company to undertake the leasing affairs management work and the property service work, realizes the employment.　　2. The Government provides relevant policy support for urban Village reconstruction. The Government should, in accordance with the premise of urban planning, in order to ensure the construction of urban Village renovation program to meet the villagers ' own housing, necessary public facilities and commercial facilities, the rest of the construction land should be mainly used for the construction of low-end rental housing, which is held by the village collective and cannot be used for sale.　　If the development and construction of funds, the government can be a part of the land in the village of public transfer, the income should be fully used to make up the village of construction and reform funds gap.　　3. The reconstructed urban village rental housing should be integrated into the city public rental housing system management. The leased house in the village is owned by the village Collective and the original villager holding stock, and the management company which is owned by the leasing house assets holding company or the villagers in the village of villages, or entrust other agencies to carry on the daily Operation management. However, the rental housing for low-income groups through the reconstruction of urban villages, because of the preferential policies of the Government, and therefore different from the general commercial rental housing, should be included in the government's public rental housing system, rich Government public rental housing supply.　　Included in the government's public rental housing system management is embodied in the following two points: first, the housing rent should be based on the government's public housing rent guidance, can not be priced, and the second is that the lessee should meet the government's public rental housing object requirements.　　4. Transformation into urban-related management procedures to increase public facilities input. In order to improve the supply function of low-end rental housing as the core of urban village reform, although the implementation of the main body is rural collective economic organizations, but the prerequisite is to include a unified city planning, urban management and urban public service system. One is scientific planning. The transformation of village villages should be integrated into urban planning, scientific and rational planning, the transformation of urban villages in order to meet the needs of city functional area positioning, the appropriate increase in volume rate, limit the use of various types of land requirements. The second is to incorporate the management procedure of urban housing construction. The reconstruction and construction of urban villages should be integrated into the government's housing supervision, so as to ensure the safety quality. Third, the Government to establish public rental housing standards. The government needs to meet its affordability and demand according to the low-income groups facing public rental housing.Rental housing standards, including area standards, functional standards, supporting facilities standards and public facilities standards, to guide the urban village in the process of building rental housing. The public service provided by the Government should extend to the villages in the city. To improve the infrastructure and public facilities, the power facilities and fluctuation water facilities in the village should be reformed, and the necessary public facilities and commercial facilities should be built to facilitate the life of the residents in the village. (Author of the report: Pu)