Qingming Festival and Cold food Festival debate, Ching Ming Festival is not cold food festival?

In the 2012, Cao a lot of controversy in the academic circles after the publication of the book ":< the river Map > and the conflict Compromise of the Northern Song Society". I think that her book on the local details of the painting discussion, can be cited as Qingming Festival and cold food Festival debate.

"Qingming River Map" painted drinking part of the long-term by scholars as a tomb-sweeping day, but Cao that, in the Northern Song Dynasty, Qingming Festival and Cold food Festival are two different things, cold food festival grave, and Qingming Festival in Cold food Festival. Song people in the Qingming Festival burning Rice, a bit of the meaning of Eid al-Fitr, it is based on the evidence, it is this drinking local fire inside the stove, and the cold food Festival as the name of the section, it is not a light.

Cao Shing also take the Bian gate part as an example to point out, in the Zhao song period, Qingming strict sense is not a holiday, just a solar term, the first day of the Ching Ming Festival, is the important day in Kaifeng City, is the day, song people will be the Yellow River water gate, introduced for transport and dug Bian, transport all over the material.

In addition, in the academic community is considered to be Songqin, grave and other different meanings of the outskirts of the sedan team part, in the original view of Cao Shing, this is actually the song of the Qing Dynasty outing hunting scene, based on the porters of the ends of the poles hanging prey.

Regardless of Cao to the "Qingming River map" annotation right or wrong, but she mentioned a few information points: first, Qingming Festival and cold food Festival at least to the Northern Song Dynasty is still not the same two festivals, cold food festival in front of the tomb-sweeping day, the second, the main meaning of cold food festival is grave, and Qingming Festival is a pleasure, two different atmosphere.

Visible, qingming in a long period of time does not have with the bad luck, ghosts and other words have association, otherwise most scholars think of the "Qingming River Map" shows "prosperity of the weather" with "qingming" two words is too not a match.

So, in the distinction between the cold food Festival and Qingming Festival in ancient times, cold food festival in the days before the Qingming festival?

To the Southern Song Dynasty Chen Liang "Years old" volume 15 cited the Northern Song Dynasty Lu Yuanming "year old Notes" contained: "Qingming before 2nd for the Cold food Festival, before and after the 3rd, where false 7th." and the folk to 140 days forbidden, that the private food, also called cold. North people all with this day Saoji first Ying, after months, vulgar have cold food January festival Proverb. ”

Thus, the first two days of the Ching Ming Festival is cold food Festival. But in the late Ming and early Qing, Jesuit priest Schall hope to help the reformulation calendar, Cold food Festival on the shift day, to the Qingming solar term.

"Years old," quoted the "Old Notes" contained in the contents, but also showed that the song people of Cold food festival value. It is said that the cold food festival was the first major festival in ancient China. For example, when Tang, Wanglengan's "cold food article" said: "Autumn precious Yang Donggui wax, not as good as cold food in the spring before." This shows that the importance of the cold food Festival, more than the double Ninth festival and year-end wax offerings.

It is widely believed that the cold food festival formed in the first, Qingming Festival of the emergence of the cold food Festival, the latter was originally a solar term used to accurately every year of cold food Day. As time progresses, people gradually turn qingming from the solar term to the day of the cold food Festival, until the two sections in the connotation of the merger.

The origin of cold food festival, many people with "Zuo Zhuan" contained, spring and autumn, one of the five tyrants Jie heavy ears back home, big seal courtiers, alone forgot the meson push. The latter then with old mother seclusion Mian, heavy ears just think of the past, the son push the work, want to invite him out. Meson push not, heavy ears listen to a menke, arson forced meson launched Mountain, but the meson push mother and son but rather burned to death under a big willow. Jie the righteousness of the mediator, ordered in the day of their death, can not fire cooking, so there is a cold food festival.

"Zuo Zhuan," the story, after the "historical records", "the capital of the Tong Jian" and other famous classics repeatedly cited, probably because of the introduction of the move to the etiquette of the said loyalty June patriotic, do not speak Lu and other things. However, modern research has found that the so-called meson push whether there is still doubt, "Zuo Zhuan" commonly used to depict the law of a person's character, fate. From the custom, before and after Qingming Hill fire is difficult to prevent, the ancients in this season do not fire cooking, just is the ancient custom (primitive society, Fire hard-won, the tree species are often changed due to seasonal changes, so, change fire and exchange for new fire is an important thing in the lives of the ancients) relics, the Han Dynasty said Cold food Festival for the no-smoking section.

Spring and Autumn and earlier not popular Hing, from the "historical records Confucius Family" can be seen, people sacrifice ancestors is worship memorial tablets rather than graves.

The wind of Hing from the Warring States Period, gradually formed in the Qin and Han dynasties. Tang, regardless of the literati or civilians, have been the cold food festival grave as a return to this case of the instrument section. As the Qingming Festival is very near, people often extend graves to qingming. During the song and Yuan Dynasties, tomb-sweeping day was gradually replaced by the status of the cold food Festival. This is not only in the graves, graves and other ceremonies in the Qingming Festival, even the original cold food festivals, such as cold food, cuju, swing and so are also the tomb-Sweeping Day merged.

Now, many regions put the cold food Festival and Qingming Festival on the same day. But in most parts of Shanxi is still a day before the Qingming Festival, Yushe County, such as a few places in the Ching Ming Festival two days before the cold food Festival, Yuanqu County will be a day before the Qingming Festival, the first two days called "Osamu food."

"Bibliography"

Qingming Festival is the cold food festival? Is the grave an outing?

"In the same boat:< Qingming River map > and the Northern Song Society conflict Compromise", Cao (), Zhejiang University Press;

"Mystery of the Qingming River map", Wild Island Just (), Zhang Huijun (translation), Social science literature Publishing house;

"Qingming", Wang (), Three Jin publishing house;

"Chinese Traditional festivals and culture", Zhang Haiying (), book publishing house;

"Chinese Traditional Festivals", Wang Wenzhang (), Central compiling press.

(Original title: Rising Knowledge | Qingming Festival is cold food Festival?) Is the grave an outing? )